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MedSsurg70:3
Skin- Infections
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bacterial Infection | Usually start at the hair follicle, where bacteria easily collect and grow in the warm, moist environment |
| Folliculitis | A superficial infection involving only the upper portion of the follicle and is usually caused by Staphylococcus |
| Furuncles | Boils- occur in areas of heat and moisture, such as in the hair-bearing skin-fold areas |
| Cellulitis | Generalized infection with either Staphylococcus or Streptococcus and involves the deeper connective tissue |
| Spread of Infection | May be spreaded by the scratching or rubbing the skin with fingernails that have organisms under them |
| Herpes Simplex Virus(HSV) | Most common viral infection of adult skin |
| Herpes Simplex Virus(HSV) 1 | Cause the recurring cold sores |
| Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 | Recurrent genital herpes |
| Recurrence of HSV in Healthy People | Triggered by physical or psychologicl stressors, such as sunburn, trauma, fever, menses, and fatigue; Tingling or burning of the lip before any lesion is evident |
| Herpetic Whitlow | A form of herpes simplex infection occurring on the fingertips of medical personnel who have come in contact with viral secretions |
| Herpes Zoster(Shingles) | Caused by reactivation of the dormant varicella-zoster virus in clients who have previously had chickenpox; Disease of immunosuppression; Complicationss include full-thickness skin necrosis, Bell's palsy, or eye infection if introduce into the eye |
| Fungal Infections | Superficial fungal (dermatophyte) can differ in lesion appearance, anatomic location, and species of the infecting organism |
| Tinea (Dermatophtoses) | 1.Tinea pedis=Feet(Athlete's foot)2.Tinea manus=Hands3.Tinea cruris=Groin(Jock Itch)4.Tinea corporis=Ringworm5.Tinea capitis=Scalp6.Tinea barbae=Beard |
| Inanimate Objects | Tinea capitis and tinea corporis can be transmitted by means of inanimate objects |
| Tinea capitis | Spread by sharing of contaminated combs, brushes, hats, pillowcases, and similar objects from people with poor hygiene |
| Skin Care | Instruct clients with bacterial infections to bathe daily with an antibacterial soap; apply warm compresses twice a day to furuncles or areas of cellulitis to increase comfort; Avoid constricting garments that might rub the lesions and increase irritation |
| Burow's Solution(Astringent Compresses) | Apply to viral lesions for 20 minutes three times a day promotes crust formation and healing |
| Drug Therapy | Acyclovir(Zovirax) or Penciclovir(Denavir) used for the treatment of viral infections |
| Pediculosis(Parasitic Disorders) | Infestation by human lice: pediculosis capitis(head lice), pediculosis corporis(body lice), and pediculosis pubis(pubic, or crab, lice) |
| Pediculosis Capitis | Occur more commonly in women than in men, espeically on the sides and back of the scalp; A secondary infection may also be present from scratching |
| Pediculosis Corporis | Caused by lice that live and lays eggs in the seams of clothing |
| Pediculosis Pubis | Causes intense itching of the vulvar or perirectal region |
| Interventions | Lindane or topical malathion; Clothing and bed linens should be washed in hot water or drycleaned; use of fine-toothed comb can help remove nits from an infested scalp |
| Scabies | A contagious skin disease caused by mite infestations; transmitted by close and prolonged contact with an infested companion or infested bedding; unbearable itching at night |
| Contact dermatitis | An acute or chronic rash caused by either direct contact with an irritant substance, resulting in toxic injury to the skin, or by contact with an allergen, resulting in a cell-mediated immune reaction |
| Atopic Dermatitis | A chronic rash that occurs with respiratory allergies and atopic skin disease; made worse by factors that include dry or irritated skin, food allergies, chemicals, or stress |
| Steroids | Corticosteroids NEVER cure |
| Oil-based products | Avoid applying oil-based ointments and pastes to the sweaty skin fold areas because maceration and blocking of pores may results in folliculitis |
| Antihistamines | Provide some relief of itching; Sedative effects of antihistamines can be reduced if the client takes most of the daily dose near bedtime |
| Compresses and baths | Cool, moist compresses and lukewarm baths with bath additives have a soothing effect, decrease inflammation, and help to debride crusts and scales |
| Psoriasis | A scaling disorder with underlying dermal inflammation; abnormality in the growth of the epidermal cells in the outer skin layers; improve in warmer climates, where there is more exposure to sunlight |
| Psoriasis Vulgaris | Most common type of psoriasis and presents as thick reddened papules or plaques covered by silvery white scales; less red and more moist in skin folds areas because of sweat-induced maceration; same areas on both sides of the body |
| Exfoliative Psoriasis | An explosively eruptive and inflammatory form of the disease with generalized erythema and scaling that do not form obvious lesions |
| Tar Preparations | Suppresses cell division and reduces inflammation |
| Ultraviolet Light Therapy | The use of commercial tanning bed is not recommended for the client with psoriasis |
Created by:
keisha12_18
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