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Pharmacology
Chapters 1 & 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vasodilator | Widens blood vessels |
| Anticoagulant | Against blood clotting |
| Analgesic | Relieves pain |
| Diuretics | Causes diuresis (excretion of water from body) |
| Narcotic antagonist | Reverses narcotic action |
| Cardiotonic | Slows and strengthens the heartbeat |
| Antiemetic | Decreases nausea and vomiting |
| Broncholdilator | Widens bronchial tubes |
| Laxative | Increases bowel movement |
| Antitussive | Against cough |
| 16 oz. | 1pt |
| 4qt | 1 gal |
| 16 oz. | 1 lb. |
| 1g | 1000mg |
| 1mg | 1000mcg |
| 1 oz. | 30 mL |
| Unacceptable abbreviation for Units | U |
| You can lead with ______, but can not trail with __________ | 0, 0 |
| Unacceptable abbreviation for 5mL | 1 tsp. |
| Unacceptable abbreviation for mL | cc |
| Unacceptable abbreviation for 15mL | 1 Tbsp. |
| Unacceptable abbreviation for Daily | qd |
| When converting grains to mg for aspirin, Tylenol, or Ibeprophen, what does 1 grain equal | 65 |
| Before you prepare medications what do you need to do? | Review dose ordered, dose available, and quantity on hand |
| How many pounds are in 1 kg? | 2.2 |
| What is the plan of action for incorrect dosage? | Confirm dosage with another nurse or pharmacist, notify physician if needed, fill out an incident report if indicated, and document |
| Action (drug) | Action of drugs on the human body is called pharmacodynamics, what body does with drugs is called pharmokinetics |
| Agonist | A drug or other chemical that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce physiologic reaction typical of a naturally occurring substance |
| Antagonist | A drug or chemical that interferes with the physiological action of another, especially by combining with and blocking receptor |
| Contraindications | Specific conditions which a medication should not be used as it may have a greater than average risk of untoward effects |
| Compatibility | Capable of forming a chemically or biochemically stable system |
| Drug interaction | Situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together |
| Expected action | (MOA) Specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect |
| Generic name | The name for a medication, as used in the pharmacopeia, it cannot be a trademark. Name is typically give by the inventor, but must be approved first; always lower case |
| Implications | Necessary assessment info which the LPN needs prior to administration of a medication, such as vital signs, lab values, and essential patient & family education related to the medication |
| Lethal dose | The amount of a drug or other agent that if administered to an animal or human will prove fatal |
| Maximum dose | The largest dose that is safe to administer |
| Minimal does | Smallest does of a medicine or drug that will produce an effect |
| Nurse Practice Act | The legislative body in each state that determines the responsibilities of the nursing intervention and holds LPN's accountable to practice within these standards |
| Patient Response | Reactions of the patient to a treatment |
| Potentiation | Increase in strength of nerve impulses along pathways that have been used previously; either short term or long term |
| Side effect | Drug induced effect other than the desired effect |
| Tolerance | Physiological resistance to a toxin diminution in the physiological response to a drug that occurs after continued use, necessitating a larger dose to produce a given response |
| Toxic dose | Amount of a substance that may be expected to produce a toxic effect |
| Trade name | Registered or trademarked name assigned to a drug by manufacturer; always capitalized |
| What are the six rights of drug administration? | Right drug, right dose, right route, right patient, right time, right documentation |
| What are the five steps in the nursing process? | Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation |
| What do you need to know when finding drug information? | Indications, dosage range, route of administration, adverse reactions, side effects, drug interactions, effect on lab results, contraindications, antagonist, nursing considerations, and patient teaching |
| What are the characteristics of a trade name? | Short, easy to pronounce and capitalized |
| What are the characteristics of a generic name? | Longer, hard to pronounce and not capitalized |
| What are both trade and generic drugs required to have? | Same chemical compound and make up |
| What is "half-life"? | The time is takes the body to remove 50% of the drug |
| What are the three ways the body secretes drugs? | Urine, feces, and breast milk |
| What affects absorption and secretion of drugs, as well as prolongs "half-life"? | Hepatic and renal function |
| What does a shorter half-life lead to ? | More frequent dosing |
| Who completes the initial assessment? | RN |
| What is subjective data? | Information given by patient or family |
| What is objective data? | Information obtained during physical exam |
| What is a diagnosis? | Conclusion about the patients problem given by the doctor |
| Who identifies the nursing diagnosis? | RN |
| Is the nursing diagnosis the same as the medical diagnosis? | No |
| What happens during the planning phase? | Goals for patient care are determined |
| Who assist the RN in the planning process? | LPN |
| What happens during implementation? | Following the plan of care |
| What happens during evaluation? | What happens when the care plan is implemented |
| Why is accurate charting so important? | It is a legal document |
| Why don't you give children aspirin? | They can develop Reyes syndrome |
| When do you document? | As soon as possible or as a late entry |
| Steroids are | Tapered |
| What does PTT measure? | Deficiencies in clotting factors (Heparin) |
| What does PT measure? | Deficiencies in clotting factors (Coumadin) |
| What is the antidote for morphine or other narcotic over doses? | Narcan |
| What do beta blockers block? | Stimulation of B1 receptors in cardiac smooth muscle |
| What do calcium blockers do? | Inhibit calcium ion influx across the smooth muscle; reduces relaxation of coronary vascular, dilates coronary arteries, slows SA/AV node conduction & dilates peripheral arteries |
| Convert 93074 milligrams to grams | 93.074 |
| Convert 64343 millilitres to litres | 64.343 |
| Convert 97.196 micrograms to milligrams | 0.097196 |
| Convert 91.765 grams to milligrams | 91765 |
| Convert 0.056244 milligrams to micrograms | 56.244 |
| Convert 16.961 micrograms to milligrams | 0.016961 |
| Convert 9.707 litres to millilitres | 9707 |
| Convert 0.089292 metres to micrometres | 89292 |
| Convert 97599 milligrams to grams | 97.599 |
| Convert 45232 milligrams to grams | 45.232 |
| A client is ordered 50 milligrams of Amitriptyline. 25 milligram tablets are available. How many tablets will you give? | 2 tablets |
| A client is ordered 37.5 milligrams of Dothiepin. 75 milligram tablets are available. How many tablets will you give? | 0.5 tablets |
| A client is ordered 37.5 milligrams of Nortriptyline. 25 milligram tablets are available. How many tablets will you give? | 1.5 tablets |
| A client is ordered 300 milligrams of Thioridazine. 100 milligram tablets are available. How many tablets will you give? | 3 tablets |
| A client is ordered 0.5 milligrams of Digoxin. 250 microgram tablets are available. How many tablets will you give? | 2 tablets |
| A client is ordered 2.5 grams of Neomycin sulphate. 500 milligram tablets are available. How many tablets will you give? | 5 tablets |
| A client is ordered 62.5 micrograms of Benztropine Mesylate. 0.25 mg tablets are available. How many tablets will you give? | 0.25 tablet |
| A client is ordered 40 milligrams of Imipramine. 10 milligram tablets are available. How many tablets will you give? | 4 tablets |
| A client is ordered 2.5 milligrams of Haloperidol. 5 milligram tablets are available. How many tablets will you give? | 0.5 tablets |
| A client is ordered 1.25 milligrams of Clonazepam. 0.5 milligram tablets are available. How many tablets will you give? | 2.5 tablets |
| What is the value of Roman Numeral I? | 1 |
| What is the value of Roman Numeral V? | 5 |
| What is the value of Roman Numeral X? | 10 |
| What is the value of Roman Numeral L? | 50 |
| What is the value of Roman Numeral C? | 100 |
| What is the value of Roman Numeral D? | 500 |
| What is the value of Roman Numeral M? | 1000 |
| Convert the following Roman Numeral, CDIV | 404 |
| Convert the following Roman Numeral, LXII | 62 |
| Convert the following Roman Numeral, XLIX | 49 |
| Convert the following number to a Roman Numeral, 77 | LXXVII |
| Convert the following number to a Roman Numeral, 63 | LXIII |
| Convert the following number to a Roman Numeral, 99 | XCIX |
Created by:
tandkhopkins
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