airway that branches from the smallest bronchioles
alveolar sac
each alveolar duct ends in several sacs that resemble a cluster of grapes
alveoli
a small cavity
aortic body
small cluster of chemosensitive cells that respond to carbon dioxide and oxygen levels
apnea
temporary cessation of breathing
bronchi
the branches of the trachea
bronchiolus
small branch of a bronchus
carbaminohemoglobin
the compound formed by the union of carbon dioxide with hemoglobin
carotid body
chemoreceptor located in the carotid artery that detects changes in the oxygen, CO2, and blood acid levels
conchae
shell-shaped strucuture; ex: bony projections into the nasal cavity
dyspnea
difficult of labored breathing
epiglottis
lidlike cartilage overhanging the entrance to the larynx
eupnea
normal respiration
expiratory reserve volume
the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiring the tidal volume
glottis
the space between the vocal cords
heme
iron-containing component of hemoglobin
hyperventilation
very rapid deep respirations
hypoventilation
slow and shallow respirations
hypoxia
abnormallly low concentraction of oxygen in the blood or tissue fluids
infant respiratory distress syndrome
leading cause of death in premature babies, due to the lack of surfactant in the alveolar air sacs
inspiratory reserve volume
the amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above a normal respiration
maximum oxygen consumption
the max amount of oxygen taken up by the lungs, transported to the tissues, and used to do work
partial pressure
pressure exerted by any one gas in a mixture of gases or in a liquid; symbol used to designate partial pressure is a capital letter P preceding the chemical symbol for the gas
phrenic nerve
the nerve that stimulates the diaphragm to contact
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
pulmonary ventilation
breathing; process that moves air in and out of the lungs
residual volume
the air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful expiration
respiration
breathing
respiratory arrest
cessation of breathing without resumption
respiratory membrane
the single layer of cells that makes up the wall of the alveoli
respiratory mucosa
mucus-covered membrane that lines the tubes of the respiratory tree
sinusitis
sinus infections
spirometer
an instrument used to measure the amount of air exchanged in breathing
surfactant
a substance covering the surface of the respiratory membrane inside the alveolus, which reduces surface tension and prevents the alveoli from collapsing
tidal volume
amount of air breathed in and out with each breath
tonsillectomy
surgical procedure used to remove the tonsils
trachea
the windpipe, the tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi
vital capacity
largest amount of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs in one inspiration and expiration
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