Eustachian tubes become blocked resulting in increased pressure within inner ear
What are the six common signs and symptoms for Otitis Media?
Masks as a URI, ear feels blocked; pressure in inner ear; pain in inner ear; fluid build-up; hearing loss
What more severe injury can happen due to Otitis Media?
Tympanic Membrane rupture
What causes Tympanic Membrane rupture?
mechanical pressure or intrusion
What are the six main signs and symptoms for Tympanic Membrane rupture?
inward & outward radiating pain; tinnitus; blood or fluids leaking from ear; redness; perforation; hearing loss
What diagnostic test would allow an audible escape of air come from the inner ear when dealing with a tympanic membrane rupture?
Valsalva maneuver
What is the MOI of a Nasal fracture?
direct blow to nose
What are the eight s/s for nasal fracture?
pain on the bridge of the nose;radiating pain on frontal & zygomatic bones;
visible deformity; bleeding; ecchymosis (raccoon eyes); deviated septum; crepitus;
diminished sense of smell and breathing
What is the most common type of facial fracture?
Nasal fracture
What is saddle nose deformity?
Repeated trauma that causes necrosis of the nasal cartilage
What should be used and what should be inspected for a possible deviated septum?
Internal nose with a penlight or otoscope
What is the breathing technique whne trying to asses a deviated septum?
athlete should try to breath through one nostril while the other one is closed
What is the 2nd most common facial fracture?
Mandibular Fracture
What is the MOI for a mandibular fracture?
direct blow to the mandible on anterior or lateral aspect
What are the s/s you might encounter with a mandibular fracture?
pain; swelling; gross deformity; malocclusion of the teeth; tenderness, crepitus
What is raccoon eyes?
echiymosis under the eyes seen in nasal fractures zygoma fractures and and blunt trauma to the face
What are three things that we will see when assessing a mandibular fracture?
Pain when opening & closing mouth; Mandible may track laterally; Structures of TMJ may be affected
What is a special test we might be able to do when trying to assess a mandibular fracture?
Tongue blade test
What is the moi of a zygoma fracture?
blows to the cheek & inferior periorbital area
What the four common signs or symptoms that may be seen with a zygoma fracture?
subconjunctival and periorbital swelling; pain with palpation; poss. step of deformity; increased pain or inablitity to do when asked to perform eye movement
What is something that can occur concurrently with a nasal fracture?
Maxillary Fracture
What is the chief complaint by an athlete with a maxillary fracture?
pain in midportion of face
What will not be evident when evaluating a maxillary fracture?
deformity (not usually present)
Palpation can cause what during eval of maxillary fracture?
crepitus at fracture site
What is a lefort fracture?
A classification system for midface fractures
How do you get a lefort fracture?
Result of extremely high impact forces
How many types of lefort fractures are there?
three
What is a lefort I?
involves just the maxillary bone
What is a Lefort II?
involves maxilla and curves up into the nasal bone. Makes a c from the maxilla throught the nasal bone back down to the maxilla
what is a lefort III?
crosses the zygomatic bones and the orbital bones in a straight line across; does not involve the maxilla
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