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PS: Ch 1-5
Ch. 1-5
Term or Question | Answer or Definition |
---|---|
states that the universe is lawful, orderly, and operates according to physical laws | principle of causality |
energy of motion | kinetic energy |
device used to measure the change in heat | calorimeter |
transfer of thermal energy without matter | radiation |
amount of disorder in a system | entropy |
Most nations measure temperature by? | Celsius |
ability to do work | energy |
SI unit of mass | kilogram |
orderly process by which scientists investigate nature | scientific method |
what degree is when water being cooled stops contracting | 4 degrees C |
gas changing into a liquid | condensation |
1 way diffusion | osmosis |
temperature where vapor pressure equals atp is at what point | boiling point |
SI unit for energy | joule |
deformation where stretching and compressing are done | bending |
energy of visible light | radiant energy |
device that automatically regulates temperature | thermostat |
Equation for gravitational PE | PE=mgh |
factor's that affect an object's rotational KE | mass, rotational speed, size and shape |
amount of space matter takes up | volume |
heat that does NOT cause a change in temperature | latent |
device used to measure altitude | altimeter |
small particles that make up matter | atoms |
heat required to change solid to liquid without changing its temperature | heat of fusion |
states that temperature and pressure are directly related when volume is constant | Amontons's law |
heat transferred by moving currents | convection currents |
tendency of a solid object to float in a fluid | buoyancy |
liquid changing into gas | evaporation |
heat transferred by direct contanct | conduction |
mathematical sentences | equations |
device used to keep liquefied gases cold | dewar flask |
3 factors that affect thermal energy | mass, state of matter, and temperature |
amount of force per unit of area | pressure |
liquids that evaporate quickly | volatile |
force that propels an airplane forward | thrust |
fundamental force that binds subatomic in the nucleus together | strong nuclear force |
most important part of a heat pump | refrigerant |
transfer of thermal energy | heat |
motion in a circle centered on a point outside of an object | circular motion |
amount of heat needed to change an object's temperature by a certain amount | heat capacity |
amount of heat needed to cause a unit to rise in temperature of a unit mass of the substance | specific heat |
PE caused by 2 charged objects | electric PE |
PE caused by restorative forces | elastic PE |
relates force needed to deform a solid to the amount of deformation | Hooke's law |
motion that involves a change in an object's position | translational motion |
solid changing into liquid | melting |
idea that states molecules of an object move faster as the object is heated | kinetic theory |
fundamental force that states there is an attractive force between two masses | gravitational force |
portion of the universe being studied | system |
everything else around the system | surroundings |
coldest possible temperature | absolute zero |
ratio of density of a substance to the density of a standard | specific gravity |
theoretical device that generates the max mount of work possible from a given amount of ehat | carnot engine |
how closely a measurement reflects the actual value | accuracy |
how repeatable a measurement is | precision |
states that lateral pressure of a moving fluid decreases as the fluid's speed increases | bernoulli's principle |
state of matter that exists when temperatures are too high for matter to exist in its ordinary states | plasma |
states that natural processes tend to go toward less usable energy and greater disorder | 2nd law of thermodynamics |
vacuum bottle | dewar flask |
internal evaporation in a liquid | boiling |
gas changing directly into a solid | deposition |
states that energy gained or lost by a system is equal to the energy lost or gained by its surroundings | 1st law of thermodynamics |