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Neurology Final
TCM Acupuncture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Extension of pia mater - ending at L1 | Filum Terminale |
| Where does the spinal cord end and what is the tapere region called? | ends at L1-L2 conus medullaris |
| What is collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal | Cauda Equinae |
| Openings | Intervertebral foramen |
| What is name of terminal ends | Spinal nerve |
| Dorsal roots and dorsal root ganglion | be able to describe |
| How many cervical nerves | 8 |
| How many spinal nerves | 31 pairs |
| Denticulate ligament | extension of pia mater |
| Where is the CSF | sub Arachnoid space, from choroid plexus and then into the ventricles, lateral (either side of cerebrum), third ventricle at mid brain, 4th ventricle at level of pons. |
| What are the spinal meninges | DAP - Dura mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Matter |
| what is the dorsal ramus covered by? | dorsal root sleeve |
| Is the CSF acidic or alkaline. | Slightly alkaline |
| 1st vertebra at what level? | at level of skull |
| What level is the brachial plexus? | C5, C6, C7 |
| Where does spinal cord end at | L1 |
| 3 ascending pathways- afferent - | Specific - discriminating touch- send to cortex Non specific - conscious proprioception - send to cortex spinocerebellum - do not contribute to sensory perception - go posteriorly |
| What is the nonspecific pathway responsible for? | ASCENDING TRACT Pain, temperature and crude touch within the lateral spinothalamic tract - EXAM - no nucleus, no known destination lumbar and cervical to the pons- |
| What does the specific ascending pathway do? | ascend within the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus tracts, and their continuation in the medial lemniscal tracts. Going to a specific area |
| Descending Pathways -motor - efferent | motor pathways involve two neurons upper neuron- motor cortex lower neuron - outside the CNS |
| What are the two pathways? | Direct pathways through the pyramidal tracts Indirect pathways, will cross over the pyramidal tracts in medulla |
| Indirect (extra pyramidal) system | rubrospinal, vesticulospinal, reticulospinal and tectospinal tracts. If see no corticospinal, it is extra pyramidal. includes brain stem, motor nuclei, and all motor pathways not park of the pyramidal system. |
| What does the recticulospinal do? | maintain balance |
| What does the rubrospinal do? | control - flexors muscles if not working (extension spasms) |
| Tectospinal tract and superior colliculi control? | mediate head movements |
| What covers the spinal nerves in the spinal cord | Conus |
| What is a herniated disc? | It is a compressed spinal nerve. Rupturing of the tissue that separates the vertebral bones of the spinal column. The center of the disc, which is called the nucleus, is soft, springy and receives the shock of standing, walking, running, etc. The oute |
| Which cranial nerve controls the superior oblique? | TrochlearIV |
| Which cranial nerve moves the eye laterally? | Abducens VI, controls lateral rectus |
| What are the symptoms of nerve damage to the abducens CN VI? | CROSS-EYED) DUE TO DAMAGE/PARALYZE LATERAL RECTUS |
| What are the symptoms of Trochlear IV nerve damage? | Patient cannot look down and out (superior oblique) |
| Which nervous system does the ciliary ganglion of oculomotor CN III belong to? | Parasympathetic. Ciliary ganglion controls sphincter (constrictor) pupillae travel in short ciliary nerves contain parasympathetics |
| Which cranial nerve controls the lacrimal and mucous glands? | Greater Petrosal n of the Facial CNVII, parasympathetic. forms N. of Pterygoid Canal, synapse in Pterygoid Palatine Ganglion |
| Which cranial nerve controls the taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and parasympathetic to submandibular, sublingual and salivary glands? | Chorda Tympani of the Facial CN VII - ANS Parasympathetic |
| Which facial motor muscles does CN VII go to? | Posterior Auricular n. and Motor branches to Stylohyoid and post belly digastric, Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical |
| Glossopharyngeal | lesser petrosal n. innervates parotid gland, lingual branches sensory & taste to posterior 1/3 tongue, autonomic to carotid sinus, bp |
| CN VII Greater petrosal n and dif of CN IX Lesser Petrosal n. | Greater Petrosal n. innervates the lacrimal gland Lesser Petrosal n. innervates the parotid gland, Glossopharyngeal |
| Vagus CN X | parasympathetic to visceral |
| Glossopharyngeal n. exits where? | jugular foramen |
| Is Vagus sympathetic or parasympathetic? | Parasympathetic to the viscera and cardiac. respiration are voluntary and itself is not an autonomic fx. bp |
| Chorda Tympani controls | Facial n.VII. Chorda tympani n. joins lingualv3 and innervates the salivary, sublingual, submandibular glands |
| Lesser petrosal n. | part of the Glossopharyngeal cn ix. joins auricotemporal n. v3 and innervates parotid gland. |
| greater petrosal n. | part of the facial nerve cn VII joing the zygomatic v2 to lacrimal n. v1 to innervate lacrimal gland. |
| Tongue taste fibers. | VII - leave by chorda tympani and join lingual v3 anterior 2/3 of tongue IX - lingual branches to posterior 1/3 of tongue X- superior laryngeal n to anterior to epiglottis |
| What is the parasympathetic fx of the Chorda tympani (pre ganglionic fiber) of Facial n. CNVII | post ganglionic - submandibular ganglion innvervates the submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands. |
| Where does CN III Oculomotor originate | Midbrain - ciliary ganglion - sphicter pupillae m. and ciliary m. |
| Where does CN VII Facial originate | Medulla - Pterygopalatine ganglion - lacrimal gland, mucous glands of oral , nasal, palate cavities. Medulla- submandibular ganglion - submandibular gland and sublingual gland |
| Where does CN IX Glossopharyngeal originate | Medulla - otic ganglion - parotid |
| Where does the CN X Vagus nerve originate | Medulla - heart, lungs, gut, kidney |
| Where does CN IV Trochlear originate | Midbrain |
| Where does CN VI abducens originate | Posterior of pons |
| Where does CN V originate Trigeminal | Pons |
| Where does the Hypoglossal XII originate | Medulla |
| Which cranial nerves are mixed? parasympathetic | CN III, CN VII, CN IX, CN x |
| Oculomotor CN III parasympathetic fx | carries Parasympathetic input to the ciliary ganglion to constrict pupil |
| Facial n. CN VII parasympathetic fx | parasymapathetic input to the salivary and lacrimal glands. |
| Glossopharyngeal n. CN IX | Parasympathetic input to the parotid gland |
| Vagus n. CN X | Parasympathetic input to the heart and lungs and gastro intestinal tract to the level of the splenic flexure of the colon |
| Sympathetic | ganglion near the spinal cord |
| parasympathetic | ganglion near the organ |
Created by:
tcmjenn
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