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Behavioral Sciences
Antropology, Sociology, Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anthropology | The study of humankind, in all times and places. |
| Applied anthropology | The use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client. |
| Archaeology | The study of material remains, usually from the past, to describe and explain human behavior. |
| Cultural anthropology | The branch of anthropology that focuses on humans as a culture-making species. |
| Culture-bound | Theories about the world and reality based on the assumptions and values of one's own culture. |
| Ethnography | The systematic description of a particular culture based on firsthand observation. |
| Ethnologist | An anthropologist who studies cultures from a comparative or historical point of view, utilizing ethnographic accounts. |
| Ethnoscientists | Anthropologists who seek to understand the principles behind native idea systems and the ways those principles inform a people about their environment and help them http://www.studystack.com/EditData2.jsp?studyStackId=232429survive. |
| Fact | An observation verified by several observers skilled in the necessary techniques of observation. |
| Forensic anthropology | Field of applied physical anthropology that specializes in the identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes. |
| Holistic perspective | A fundamental principle of anthropology, that the various parts of culture must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence. |
| Hypothesis | A tentative explanation of the relation between certain phenomena. |
| Informants | Members of a society in which the ethnographer works who help interpret what she or he sees taking place. |
| Linguistic anthropology | The branch of cultural anthropology that studies human language. |
| Paleoanthropologist | An anthropologist who studies human evolution from fossil remains. |
| Participant observation | In ethnography, the technique of learning a people's culture through direct participation in their everyday life over an extended period of time. |
| Physical anthropology | The systematic study of humans as biological organisms. |
| Theory | In science, an explanation of natural phenomena, supported by a reliable body of data. |
| Aurignacian tradition | Toolmaking tradition in Europe and western Asia at the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic. |
| Baton method | The technique of stone tool manufacture performed by striking the raw material with a bone or antler "baton" to remove flakes |
| Levalloisian technique | Toolmaking technique by which three or four long triangular flakes were detached from a specially prepared core. Developed by humans transitional from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens. |
| Middle Paleolithic | The middle part of the Old Stone Age characterized by the emergence of archaic H. sapiens and the development of the Mousterian tradition of toolmaking |
| Mousterian tradition | Toolmaking tradition of the Neandertals and their contemporaries of Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa, featuring flake tools that are lighter and smaller than earlier Levalloisian flake tools |
| Neandertals | Representatives of 'archaic' Homo sapiens in Europe and western Asia, living from about 130,000 years ago to about 35,000 years ago. |
| Paleolithic | The Old Stone Age, characterized by manufacture and use of chipped stone tools. |
| Bound morpheme | A sound that can occur in a language only in combination with other sounds, as "s" in English to signify the plural. |
| Code switching | The process of changing from one level of language to another. |
| Core vocabulary | In language, pronouns, lower numerals, and names for body parts and natural objects. |
| Dialects | Varying forms of a language that reflect particular regions or social classes and that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible. |
| Displacement | The ability to refer to things and events removed in time and space. |
| Ethnolinguistics | The study of the relation between language and culture. |
| Form classes | The parts of speech or categories of words that work the same way in any sentence. |
| Frame substitution | A method used to identify the syntactic units of language. For example, a category called "nouns" may be established as anything that will fit the substitution frame "I see a . . . " |
| Free morphemes | Morphemes that can occur unattached in a language; for example, "dog" and "cat" are free morphemes in English. |
| Glottochronology | In linguistics, a method of dating divergence in branches of language families. |
| Grammar | The entire formal structure of a language consisting of all observations about the morphemes and syntax. |
| Kinesics | A system of notating and analyzing postures, facial expressions, and body motions that convey messages. |
| Language | A system of communication using sounds or gestures that are put together in meaningful ways according to a set of rules. |
| Language family | A group of languages that are ultimately descended from a single ancestral language. |
| Linguistic divergence | The development of different languages from a single ancestral language. |
| Linguistic nationalism | The attempt by ethnic minorities, and even countries to proclaim independence by purging their languages of foreign terms. |
| Linguistic relativity | The proposition that diverse interpretations of reality embodied in languages yield demonstrable influences on thought. |
| Linguistics | The modern scientific study of all aspects of language. |
| Morphemes | In linguistics, the smallest units of sound that carry a meaning. |
| Paralanguage | The extralinguistic noises that accompany language, for example, those of crying or laughing. |
| Phonemes | In linguistics, the smallest classes of sound that make a difference in meaning. |
| Phonetics | The study of the production, transmission, and reception of speech sounds. |
| Signal | A sound or gesture that has a natural or self-evident meaning. |
| Sociolinguistics | The study of the structure and use of language as it relates to its social setting. |
| Symbols | Sounds or gestures that stand for meanings among a group of people. |
| Syntax | In linguistics, the rules or principles of phrase and sentence making |
| Vocal characterizers | In paralanguage, sound productions such as laughing or crying that humans "speak through." |
| Vocal qualifiers | In paralanguage, sound productions of brief duration that modify utterances in terms of intensity. |
| Vocal segregates | In paralanguage, sound productions that are similar to the sounds of language, but do not appear in sequences that can properly be called words. |
| Vocalizations | Identifiable paralinguistic noises that are turned on and off at perceivable and relatively short intervals. |
| Voice qualities | In paralanguage, the background characteristics of a speaker's voice. |
Created by:
jsc265