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Asthma - Respiratory
Treatment of Asthma and Respiratory Disorders.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Glucocoticoid drug that is used to treat Respiratory Tract Disorders? | Fluticasone (Flovent, Flonase) |
| What is a Mast Cell Stabilizer drug that is used to treat Respiratory Tract Disorders | Cromolyn Sodium |
| What is a Leukotriene Inhibitor drug that is used to treat Respiratory Tract Disorders | Montelukast (Singulair) |
| What is a Antitussive drug that is used to treat Respiratory Tract Disorders | Codeine |
| What is a Selective B2-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist drug that is used to treat Respiratory Tract Disorders | Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) |
| What is a Bronchodilator drug that is used to treat Respiratory Tract Disorders | Theophylline |
| What is an Expectorant drug that is used to treat Respiratory Tract Disorders | Guaifenesin (Mucinex) |
| What are some pathological features of Asthma? | -Triggered by variety of stimuli -- Caused by bronchial hyper-responsiveness and inflammation which leads to Edema, Smooth Muscle Remodeling, and Mucus plugging |
| What are some therapies for Asthma? | Anti-inflammatory drugs and bronchodilators |
| What are some anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat Respiratory Tract Disorders? | -Glucocorticoids (Fluticasone (Flovent, Flonase)) -- Mast Cell Stabilizer (Cromolyn Sodium) -- Leukotriene Inhibitors (Montelukast (Singulair)) -- Antitussives (Codeine) |
| What are som Bronchodilators drugs used to treat Respiratory Tract Disorders? | -Selective B2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists (Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) -- Other Bronchodilators (Theophylline) -- Expectorants (Guaifenesin (Mucinex)) |
| What are some pathological features of COPD? | Chronic and irreversible airway obstruction and loss of alveoli surface area due to: Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, and impaired Pulmonary Function |
| What are some therapies for COPD? | Bronchodilators, Corticosteroids, O2, Antibiotics. |
| How does emphysema casue loss of alveoli surface area? | Causes destrction of the alveolar walls |
| How does Chronic Bronchitis cause COPD? | Inflammation of the bronchioles associated with productive cough |
| What are the pathological features of Rhinitis? | Infection (viral) or Allergic reaction of the nasal mucosa to pollens or other environmental allergens. |
| What are some characteristics of Allergic Rhinitis? | -Seasonal or Perennial -- Conjunctivitis -- Pruritus (itching) |
| What are some charactersitics of Viral Rhinitis? | Acute -- Self-limiting -- general discomfort, pain, fever, pain. |
| What drugs are efficacious for Asthma? | BEST: Glucocorticoids (Fluticasone (Flovent, Flonase)) & Selective B2-Adrenergic Receptor agonists (Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin))GOOD: Mast cell Stabilizers and Leukotriene inhibitors |
| What drugs are efficacious for COPD? | Other Bronchodilators ( Theophylline) |
| What drugs are efficacious for Allergic Rhinitis? | BEST: Glucocorticoids (Fluticasone (Flovent, Flonase)GOOD: Mast Cell Stabelizer (Cromolyn Sodium)Long Term: Anithistamine -- Decongestatnts (if antihistamone and glucocorticoids are not effective) |
| What are Corticosteroids mechanism of action? | Decrease Airway Inflammation (prevent asthma attacks)--Inhaled used for moderate or severe asthma (Few Side Effects) --Oral Used in severe casses (MANY Side Effects) |
| Is Oral or Inhaled used for the treatment of prophylaxis? | Oral |
| What is the mechanism of action for Mast Cell Stabilizers (Cromolyn Sodium)? | Inhibits release of histamine from mast cells. |
| Cromolyn Sodium (Intal) mechanism of action: | Prevention of asthma response to allergens. |
| When does the effect of Cromolyn Sodium develop? | Effect develops within 2-3 months. |
| What is Montelukast (Singulair) mechanism of action? | Blocks Leukotriene receptors. |
| How is Montelukast (Singulair) taken? | Orally and are well absorbed from the gut. DO NOT STOP ASTHMA ATTACKS IN PROGRESS! |
| What are Montelukast's Side effects? | Few side effects (concerns for suicidal behavior.) |
| What are Selective B2-adrenergic receptor agonist mechanism of action? | They increase cAMP concentrations in smooth musle and thereby cause muscle to relax. |
| What B2 receptor agonist are given in acute and chronic asthma? | *Acute Asthma - Albuterol*Chronic Asthma - salmeterol (Serevent) & formoterol (Oxeze) |
| At higher doses what may B2 receptor agonist produce? | Tachycardia |
| What are the "Other" Bronchodilators and what is there mechanism of action? | Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist (Theophylline) -PRoduce bronchodilating effects by blocking the bronchoconstricting effects of the vagus (parasympathetic) nerve stimulation. |
| What do muscarinic receptor antagonists (Theophylline) treat? | Used for treatment of COPD, -less effective in asthma |
| What is Theophylline's mechanism of action? | Inhibits phosphodiesterase isozymes and blocks the degredation of cAMP-antagonism of adenosine receptors -Inhibition of calcium influx -Enhancement of catecholamine secretion. -Low Therapeutic INDEX |
| What would you give for mild intermittent episodes of asthma? | -No daily medication-Short-lasting B2-agonist for acute asthma episodes |
| What would you give a person for a mild persistant episodes of asthma? | -Low dose of inhaled carticosteroids-Alternatively: cromolyn, leukotriene antagonist, theophylline. |
| What would you give a person for a moderate persistant case of asthma? | -Low-dose corticosteroid + long lasting B2 agonist-Or medium dose corticosteroid alone(leukotriene antagonist or theophylline may be added) |
| What would you give for a case of severe and persistant asthma? | Medium dose of inhaled corticosteroid + long-lasting B2 agonist |
| What would you give for severe asthma attack? | *Aggressive Treatment-Oxygen, Systemic corticosteroids, Continuous B2-agonist. |
| What would you use to treat viral rhinitis? | Analgesic: acetaminophen, ibuprofen for aches and discomfort-Zink: increased intake has antiviral effect.-Decongestant: Pseudoephedrine. |
| What would you use to treat a mild case of Allergic Rhinitis? | Anithistamines +/- decongestants. |
| What would you use to treat a moderate to severe case of allergic rhinitis? | Anti-inflammatory - antihistamines + decongestants. |
Created by:
allievisner2
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