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NYS ES Topic3

Earth in the Universe

TermDefinition
Celestial object any object outside or above earth’s atmosphere
Big Bang Theory states that all matter and energy started out concentrated in a small area
Doppler Effect the shifting of wavelengths
Galaxy a collection of billions of stars and various amounts of gas and dust held together by gravity
Milky Way Galaxy The specific name of our solar system, which contains over 200 billion stars
Star usually a large ball of gas held together by gravity that produces tremendous amounts of energy and shines
Nuclear fusion the combining of the nuclei of smaller elements to form the nuclei of larger elements with some of the mass being converted into energy
Luminosity the actual brightness of a star or rate of total energy emitted compared to the sun
Main sequence stars 90% of stars follow the normal start life-span progression
Giant stars red, orange and yellow stars that are 10x larger than the sun
Super Giant stars highly luminous late evolution stars that can be up to 1000x bigger than the sun.
Solar system our sun and all the objects that orbit it, under it gravitational influence
planet Largest of non-star celestial objects independently revolve around a star; Earth and seven
Asteroid a solid, rocky and/or metallic body that independently orbits the sun; large, irregular shaped, except for the few larger spherical ones; mostly located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
moon a body that orbits a planet or an asteroid as those objects orbit the sun
comet a low density object composed of materials (ices) that easily vaporize and some other solids; independently orbits the sun or other stars; usually has highly eccentric orbit; partly vaporizes forming a visible tail when near the sun.
meteoroid very small solid fragments that orbit the sun
revolution A planet's movement around the sun in a path called an orbit; the movement of one body around another body in a path called an orbit
eclipse The complete or partial blocking of light when one celestial body moves into the shadow of another celestial body
foci/focus In an Ellipse either of two fixed points located so that the sum of their distances to any point on the ellipse is constant.
eccentricity The degree of ovalness of an ellipse, or how far an ellipse if from being a circle. Computed using the following formula.
inertia The concept that an object at rest will tend to remain at rest and that an object in motion will maintain the direction the speed of that motion unless an opposing force affects it.
gravitation The attractive force that exists between any two objects in the universe.
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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