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Aud chpt 1-3
vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| elasticity | the abillity of mass to return to it's natural shape |
| Vibration | the to and fro movements of mass |
| Oscillation | the back and forth movement of a vibrating body |
| Compression | That portion of a sound wave where the molecules of the medium are compressed together |
| Mass | The quantity of a body as measured in terms of its relationship to inertia. The weight of a body divided by its acceleration due to gravity. |
| Stiffness | the flexibility or pliancy of a mass. The inverse of compliance. |
| Force | the impetus required to institute or alter the velocity of a body. |
| aperiodic sound | A complex sound that varies randomly over time and does not have a fundamental frequency |
| Aperiodic wave | A wave form that does not repeat over time |
| cancellation | the reduction the the amplitude of a sound wave to zero. This results when two tones of the same frequency and amplitude are introduced 180 degrees out of phase. |
| component | A pure tone constituent of a complex wave. |
| Complex wave | a sound wave made up of a number of different sinusoids, each with a different frequency. |
| cycle | the complete sequence of events of a single sine wave through 360 degrees |
| damping | progressive diminution in the amplitude of a vibrating body. |
| decibel (dB) | a unit for expressing the ratio between two sound pressures or two sound powers; one tenth of a _____ |
| Fourier analysis | the mathematical breakdown of any complex wave into its component parts, consisting of simple sinusoids of different frequencies. |
| frequency | the number of complete oscillations of a vibrationg body per unit of time |
| Forced vibration | the vibration of a mass controlled and maintained by an external impetus |
| Free vibration | the vibration of a mass independent of any external force. |
| Harmonic | Any whole-number multiple of the fundamental frequency of a complexwave. The fundamental frequency equals the first ___________ |
| Hearing level (HL) | The number of decibels above an average normal threshold for a given signal. |
| Hertz | Cycles per second (cps) |
| Intensity | the amount of sound energy per unit of area. |
| Fundamental frequency | the lowest frequency of vibration in a complex wave. |
| Period | the duration (in seconds) of one cycle of vibration. |
| Periodic | repeats |
| Phase | the relationship in time between two or more waves. |
| pressure | force over an area of surface |
| pure tone | a tone of only one frequency (ie no harmonics) |
| Pitch | the subjective impression of the highness or lowness of a sound; the psychological correlate of frequency. |
| loudness | the subjective impression of the power of a sound. the unit of measurement is the sone. |
| Rarefaction | that portion of a sound wave where the molecules become less densely packed per unit of space. |
| Resonant frequency | the frequency at which a mass vibrates with the least amount of external force; the natural frequency of vibration of a mass. |
| Sensation level (SL) | The number of decibels above the hearing threshold of a given subject fr a given signal. |
| Sound pressure level (SPL) | An expression of the pressure of a sound. |
| sine wave | the waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion |
| Spectrum | the sum of the compenents of a complex wave. |
| Threshold | In audiometry, the level at which a stimulus, such as a pure tone, is barely perceptible. Usual clinical criteria demand that the level be just high enough for the subject to be aware of the sound at least 50% of the times it is presented. |
| Velocity | the speed of a sound wave in a given direction |
| wavelength | the distance between the exact same point (in degrees) on two successive cycles of a tone. |