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Chapter 2 Sec 2-3

Bio Glossary

TermDefinition
ENERGY THE CAPACITY TO DO WORK
CHEMICAL REACTION THE PROCESS BY WHICH ONE OR MORE SUBSTANCES CHANGE TO PRODUCE ONE OR MORE SUBSTANCES.
REACTANT A SUBSTANCE OR MOLECULE THAT PARTICIPATES IN A CHEMICAL REACTION.
PRODUCT A SUBSTANCE THAT FORMS IN A CHEMICAL REACTION.
METABOLISM A SUM OF ALL CHEMICAL PROCESSES THAT OCCUR IN AN ORGANISM.
ACTIVATION ENERGY THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED TO START A CHEMICAL REACTION.
CATALYST A SUBSTANCE THAT CHANGES THE RATE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION WITHOUT BEING CONSUMED OR CHANGED SIGNIFICANTLY
ENZYME A TYPE OF PROTEIN OR RNA MOLECULE THAT SPEEDS UP METABOLIC REACTIONS IN PLANT AND ANIMALS WITHOUT BEING PERMANENTLY CHANGED OR DESTROYED.
REDOX REACTION A REACTION IN WHICH ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED BETWEEN ATOMS; ALSO KNOWN AS AN OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION.
OXIDATION REACTION A CHEMICAL REACTION IN WHICH A REACTANT LOSES ONE ORE MORE ELECTRONS SUCH THAT THE REACTANT BECOMES MORE POSITIVE IN CHARGE.
REDUCTION REDACTION A CHEMICAL CHANGE IN WHICH ELECTRONS ARE GAINED; EITHER BY THE REMOVAL OF OXYGEN, THE ADDITION OF OXYGEN OR THE ADDITION OF ELECTRONS.
POLAR DESCRIBES A MOLECULE WITH OPPOSITE CHARGES AND OPPOSITE ENDS.
HYDROGEN BOND THE INTER MOLECULAR FORCE OCCURRING WHEN A HYDROGEN ATOM THAT IS BONDED TO A HIGHLY ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOM OF ONE MOLECULE IS ATTRACTED TO TWO UNSHARED ELECTRONS OF ANOTHER MOLECULE.
COHESION A FORCE THAT HOLDS MOLECULES OF A SINGLE MATERIAL TOGETHER.
ADHESION THE ATTRACTIVE FORCE BETWEEN TWO BODIES OF DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES THAT ARE IN CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER.
CAPILLARITY THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN MOLECULES THAT RESULTS IN THE RISE OF A LIQUID IN SMALL TUBES.
SOLUTION A HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE THROUGHOUT WHICH TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES ARE UNIFORMLY DISPERSED.
SOLUTE IN A SOLUTION, THE SUBSTANCE THAT SOLUTES IN THEE SOLVENT.
SOLVENT IN A SOLUTION, THE SUBSTANCE IN WHICH SOLUTE DISSOLVES. T\
CONCENTRATION THE AMOUNT OF A PARTICULAR SUBSTANCE IN A GIVEN QUANTITY IN A MIXTURE, SOLUTION OR ORE.
SATURATED SOLUTION A SOLUTION THAT CANNOT DISSOLVE ANYMORE SOLUTE UNDER THE GIVEN CONDITIONS.
AQUEOUS SOLUTION A SOLUTION IN WHICH WATER IS THE SOLVENT.
HYDROXIDE ION THE "OH" ION
HYDRONIUM ION AN ION CONSISTING OF A PROTON COMBINED WITH A MOLECULE OF WATER
ACID ANY COMPOUND THAT INCREASES THE NUMBER OF HYDRONIUM IONS WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER, ACIDS TURN BLUE LITMUS PAPER REACT WITH BASES AND SOME METALS TO FORM SALT.
BASE ANY COMPOUND THAT INCREASES THE NUMBER OF HYDROXIDE IONS WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER, BASES TURN RED LITMUS PAPER BLUE AND REACT WITH ACIDS TO FORM SALTS.
PH SCALE A RANGE OF VALUES THAT ARE USED TO EXPRESS THE ACIDITY OF A SYSTEM; EACH WHOLE NUMBER ON THE SCALE INDICATES A TENFOLD CHANGE IN THE ACIDITY.
BUFFER A SOLUTION MADE FROM A WEAK ACID AND ITS CONJUGATED BASE NEUTRALIZES SMALL AMOUNTS OF ACIDS OR BASES ADDED TO IT.
Created by: navarroc20
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