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Chapter 19
Blood Vessels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cardio meas __ while vascular means __ | heart - vessels |
| blood goes from the aorta to the ___ to the __ to the __to the venules then the __ and __ to the right atrium | arteries -> arterioles ->capillary --> veins -> vena cava |
| why is pressure so high in arteries? | b/c it just came from pumping heart |
| what are the 3 type of vessels? | arteries, veins & capillaries |
| arteries carries blood __ and regulates __ | away from heart - blood pressure |
| there are lots of smooth muscles and fibrous tissue in this vessel so it doesn't rupture. | arteries |
| arterioles function: | promote or shut off flow in capillary beds |
| what are arterioles? | small arteries close to capillary beds |
| arteries don't have __ only veins do. | valves |
| lumen | opening blood is passing through |
| valves prevents __ | backflow |
| sit of gas exchange, one line of epithelial tissue. | capillaries |
| veins carries blood __ | to the heart |
| capillaries has ___ and a ___ | endothelial cells & basement membrane |
| 3 tissues that make up vessel wall: | tunica intima, media & externa |
| the tunica intima is made up of: | endothelium |
| the tunica media is composed of __ | smooth muscle & elastic fibers |
| arteries are thicker in the tunica media because... | they can control diameter |
| this vessel wall is made of collagen fiber. which vessel is it? | tunica externa |
| which vessel wall gives tissue blood supply? | tunica externa |
| the ___ wraps around vessels holding it together | tunica externa |
| blood flow | volume of blood getting through body in certain time frame |
| pressure of blood against wall of large arteries measured in mmHg | blood pressure |
| systolic pressure | peak pressure during systole |
| diastolic pressure | lowest level pressure during diastole |
| normal blood pressure is__ | 120/80 mmHg |
| systolic pressure is generated by ___ | ventricular contraction |
| in diastolic pressure, the walls of the arteries... | recoil to maintain pressure |
| what is pulse pressure? | difference between systolic & diastolic pressures |
| amount of blood that's returning to the heart is known as... | venous return |
| mean arterial pressure (MAP) : | average pressure experienced by vessels through cardiac cycle |
| MAP formula: | diastolic pressure + pulse pressure / 3 |
| the bigger the pressure gradient... | the faster blood travels |
| if cardiac output & resistance increases, so does.. | pressure |
| mean arterial pressure is responsible for... | propelling blood |
| what are the 3 sources of resistance? | viscosity, vessel length, vessel diamater |
| vasoconstriction | contracts vessels to make narrow - increase in resistance |
| vasodilation | relax vessels to make wide - decrease in resistance |
| the higher the RBC count... | the thicker the blood |
| the higher the viscosity, the... | thicker the resistance |
| out of the 3 sources of resistance...which one changes? | vessel diameter |
| what is the difference between turbulent flow and laminar flow? | turbulent flow is rough, slows blood down - laminar: smooth flow |
| turbulent flow affects the ___ | vessel wall |
| endothelial injury is known as | atherosclerosis |
| vessels are not elastic, they all respond... | differently |
| atherosclerosis can cause__ | instability rupture |
| CO depends on___ | blood flow |
| we can effect resistance by: | changing diameter of vessel |
| change in pressure = | cariac output x resistance |
| veins have a larger ___ than arteries | diamater |
| blood pressure changes anytime we change ___ or ___ | cardiac output or resistance |
| neural control alters ___ and ___ | cardiac output - resistance |
| 2 goals of neural control? | 1. maintain adequate by altering vessel diameter 2. alter blood distribution to respond to demands |
| which ANS innervates vessel diameter? | sympathetic system |
| what is vasomotor tone? | normal resting rate |
| sympathetic efferents are ___ that ___ | vasomotor fibers - innervate smooth muscle of vesels mostly arterioles |
| what are baroreceptors? | stretch detectors - detect pressure changes |
| where are baroreceptors found? | carotid sinuses, aortic arch, large arteries of neck &thorax |
| chemoreceptors detect ___ changes such as __ | chemical - oxygen, CO2 |
| when pH levels falls, ___ levels rise, which ____ | O2 - activates cardioaccelatory center |
| chemoreceptors has a big influence on ___ ___ | respiratory rate |
| chemoreceptors activates vasomotor center which causes reflexive ___ | vasoconstriction |
| the cerebral cortex & hypothalamus relay messages to the ___ | medullary centers |
| in the brain, the fight or flight system is mediated by.... | the hypothalamus |
Created by:
Mariahj25
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