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endocinology review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the hypothalamus | -along with pituitary gland it influences the thyroid gland -Serves as a link between the endocrine and nervous system |
| Describe the pineal gland | Pine-cone shaped gland that ventricle of the brainwith secretes melatonin |
| Describe the pituitary | AKA Hypophysis ; pea-shaped gland that is located at the base of the brain -master gland -regulates many body activities -stimulates other glands to secrete hormone |
| Describe the thyroid | -largest gland -two lobes separate isthmus -H-shaped |
| Name the six hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary and what their target organ/tissue. | ACTH-adrenal cortex FSH-ovaries & testies GH-(somatotropin) bones, cartilage, liver, muscle, other tissue LH-ovaries & testies PRL-mammary glands TSH-thyroid glands |
| Name the two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary and what their target organ/tissue is | ADH-kidney oxytocin-uterus |
| What is the function of endocrine glands? | glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream |
| What are the three types of steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex? | glucocorticoids-cortisol mineralocorticoids-aldosterone sex hormone-gonadocorticoids |
| What are the two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and what are their functions? | Epinephrine-adrenaline produce in the adrenal medulla. Increases heart rate, fat metabolism for energy, and dilates the bronchial tubes. Norepinephrine- produces in the adrenal medulla. Increases blood pressure and constricts vessels. |
| What is the function of the parathyroid glands? | Increases blood calcium levels |
| Where are the adrenal glands located? | on top of the kidneys |
| What are the sings and symptoms of Cushing syndrome? | edema, weight-gain, moon- shaped face, grossly exaggerated head and trunk, pencil-thin arms and legs, fatigue, high blood pressure, hirsutism, purple striae |
| What are the signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes? | constant urination abnormal thirst unusual hunger rapid loss of weight irritability obvious weakness/fatigue nausea/vomiting |
| What is the treatment for the type 1 diabetes? | injection of insulin |
| What are the treatments for type 2 diabetes? | exercise, diet, weight loss, inulin, oral antidiabetic agents |
| What are the signs and symptoms of type II diabetes? | -drowsiness -itching -a FHS (family history) -blurred vision -excessive weight -easily fatigued -skin infection |
| abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood | hyponatremia |
| abnormal overgrowth of the entire body | gigantism |
| abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood | hypocalcemia |
| an organ that contains the islets of Langerhans | pancreas |
| balance in the internal environment | homeostasis |
| condition of being abnormally small | dwarfism |
| condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food | polyphagia |
| excessive accumulation of fat in the body | obesity |
| excessive amount of calcium in the blood | hypercalcemia |
| excessive amount of potassium in the blood | hyperkalemia |
| excessive amount of sugar in the blood | hyperglycemia |
| excessive distribution of body hair | hirsutium |
| excessive thirst | polydipsia |
| extreme depletion of potassium I the blood | hypokalemia |
| formation of glucose from glycogen | glucogensis |
| human growth hormone | somatotropin |
| increased formation and secretion of urine | diuresis |
| inner section of the adrenal gland | adrenal medulla |
| lack of development | atrophy |
| marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw | acromegaly |
| mineral salts that carry an electrical charge | electrolytes |
| outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steroids | adrenal cortex |
| presence of glucose in the urine | glucosuria |
| produced in the adrenal medulla; raises blood pressure | norepinephrine |
| protrusion of the eyes | exophthalmos |
| surgical excision of the adrenal gland | adrenalectomy |
| surgical excision of the thyroid gland | thyroidectomy |
| test that measures blood glucose levels after a 12-hour fast | fasting blood glucose |
| test that measures thyroid function | RAIU |
| the study of ductless glands and their secretions | endocrinology |
| thyroid poisoning | thyrotoxic |
| too little sugar in the blood | hypoglycemia |
| tumour of a gland | adenoma |
| underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands | hypogonadism |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone |
| BMI | body mass index |
| DKA | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| FSH | folic stimulating hormone |
| GH | growth hormone |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| K | potassium |
| LH | lutenizing hormone |
| PRL | prolactin |
| RAIU | radioactive iodine uptake |
| T3 | triiodothyroxine (thyroid hormone) |
| T4 | thyroxin |
| TFT | thyroid function test |
| TSH | thyroid stimulating test |
Created by:
Ange03
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