Transportation: oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Regulation:fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. Protective role:coagulation & fighting infections.
Erythopoiesis
Production of RBC's
Erythopoiesis is controlled by.... and synthesized by...?
Controlled by a hormone and synthesized by the kidneys
What condition can cause anemia r/t the kidney?
Kidney disease
What do RBC's do?
transport gases; maintains acid-base balance
What are the functions of the spleen?
produces RBC's, filters out old RBC's, filters out microorganisms, stores lymphocytes and monocytes, and stores platelets.
When does the spleen produce RBC's?
During fetal development
What are lymph nodes?
Clumps of lymphatic tissue
What are the functions of the lymph system?
Carries lympth fluid from the interstitial spaces to the blood, removes proteins and fat from the GI tract to the circulatory system, returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood.
The liver acts as a ....?
FILTER
What does the liver do r/t clotting?
Produces all the clotting factors necessary for homeostasis and blood coagulation.
What FACTORS leading to anemia?
A deficiency in the number of RBC's, the quantity of hemoglobin, and/or the volume of packed RBC's.
T/F? Anemia is a disease determined by lab findings.
FALSO! Anemia is NOT a disease. But CAN be determined by lab findings.
Mild anemia indications what values r/t hemoglobin?
10-14 hemoglobin levels indicate mild anemia
Moderate anemia indicates hemoglobin values to be...?
6-10
Severe anemia shows hemoglobin values to be ranging at?
less than 6
What S&S will a Pt be experiencing if they had mild to moderate anemia?
Pale, palpitations, and exertional dyspnea
Severe anemic Pt's will experience which S&S?
Tachycardia, impaired thought processes, wt loss, lethargy, and anorexia.
What age group is anemia most common in?
Older adults
Since older adults experience anemia more commonly than others, what factors r/t age determine this fact?
Older adults experience chronic disease and poor nutrition. The aging process itself is a possibility. The general population can experience anema if they also have chronic disease and poor nutrition.
Reticulocyte
immature RBC
Hemolysis
RBC breakdown
How long do RBC survive in the blood?
120 days
What is the normal percentage for neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes?
N = 55-70%; L = 20-40%; Monocytes = 5-10%; E = 1-4%; B = 0-1%
If the vascular system is affected by oxygen perfusion what S&S will a Pt experience?
HTN, syncope, or fatigue
Cardiac Output
amnt of blood pumped by the heart ea minute
What is the normal amnt of cardiac output in a resting adult?
4-8 Liters
What two factors r/t cardiac output?
Heart rate and stroke volume
Stroke volume
amnt of blood the heart ejects with ea beat
CO = ? X ?
Cardiac outout= HR X SV
preload
amnt of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, before the next contraction; r/t amnt of "stretch" & amnt of contractility
Afterload
peripheral resistance again which the L ventricle must pump
Distribution of blood flow (arteries, capillaries, veins), tissue perfusion, and blood are a part of which system?
Vascular system
what is tissue perfusion?
flow of blood through the body tissues
How will a nurse assess for tissue perfusion?
By cking skin temp; color of skin, mucous membranes, nailbeds; capillary refill; palpation of pulses; edema; hair distribution; BP
what are the three effects of aging r/t cardiac function? (Not physiologically)
Atherosclerosis, HTN, and cardiac failure.
Due to cardiac failure, HTN, and atheroschlerosis from the effects of aging, what physiologically will happen to the body as a results of these normal changes?
decreased cardiac contractility, decreased response to increased work, decreased number of pacemake cells, valve incompetence, and increased BP.
What are the unmodifiable risk factors of CAD?
age, gender, ethnicity, and genetic influence
What are the modifiable risk factors that are not contributing that are associated with CAD?
500 Words
