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earthquakes
Question | Answer |
---|---|
earthquake | vibrations in earth caused by the sudden release of energy |
crust | the earth's outer layer, the coolest and least dense layer of the earth |
fault | a break or crack in earth lithosphere along which rocks move |
mantle | the layer of the earth beneath the crust |
lithosphere | a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust |
lithospheric plates | are regions of earths crust and upper mantle that are fractured into plates that move across a deeper Plasticine mantle |
seismologists | A scientist who studies earthquakes |
convergent | colliding |
divergent | dividing |
transform | slide past each other |
subduction | the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundaries |
convection | the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a fluid |
s wave | shakes buildings from side to side |
p wave | caused buildings to contract and expand |
surface wave | shakes building violently |
focus | the point which a rock stress breaks and triggers an earthquake |
epicenter | the point on the surface directly above the focus |
mercalli scale | was used to rate earthquakes according to level of damage at a given place |
Ricter scale | geologist assign to an earthquake based on the size |
moment magnitude scale | is an estimate of the energy realize of an earthquake |
magnitude | the energy released in an earthquake |
Tsunami | a big wave |
aftershock | they happen after earthquakes, mini earthquake |
liquefaction | a liquid from a solid or a gas |
seismograph | instrument measuring and recording the vibrations |
seismology | the study of earthquakes |
compression | crushes in together |
tension | stretches something |
plateau | a land form that has high elevation and more less level surface |
shearing | stress that pushes mass of rock in opposite site direction in sideways movement |
normal fault | the hanging wall slips downward below the footwall |
reverse fault | there is little up-or-down motion |