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The Atmosphere
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Weather | a condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place |
| Atmosphere | the envelope of gases that surrounds the planet |
| What is the Earth's atmosphere made of? | It's made up of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and many other gases, as well as particles of liquids and solids. |
| What is the percentage of Nitrogen? | It's 78% |
| What is the percentage of Oxygen? | It's 21% |
| How does oxygen burn fast? | Burning uses oxygen rapidly. For example, candles on a cake, gasoline in the car |
| How does oxygen burn slow? | Using other processes, it's used slowly. For example, steel in cars, and other objects react with oxygen to form iron oxide or rust |
| What is ozone? | It's a form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of the usual two. It's the pungent smell in the air after a thunderstorm, which forms when lighting interacts with oxygen in the air. |
| What are the top two gases in the 1% of other gases? | Argon and carbon dioxide |
| What gas do plants need to produce food? | Carbon Dioxide |
| When cells of plants and animals break down food to produce energy, what do they give off? | They give off carbon dioxide as a waste product. |
| What is a source of carbon dioxide? | Fuels such as coal and gasoline, as these are burned they release carbon dioxide in the atmosphere |
| What are some particles of atmosphere? | Solid and liquid particles of dust, smoke, salt, and other chemicals |
| What is water vapor? | It's water in the form of a gas. It's invisible and not the same thing as steam. |
| How does water vapor play in the weather? | Clouds form when water vapor condenses out of the air to form tiny droplets of liquid water or crystals of ice. If they become heavy enough, they can fall as rain or snow. |
| Name 3 ways in which the atmosphere protects the earth. | 1. By trapping energy from the sun, the atmosphere keeps most of the surface warm enough for water to exist as a liquid. 2. It protects from dangerous radiation from the sun. 3. It prevents the earth from being hit by most meteoroids, or rocks from outer |
| What are the trace gases? | Argon and carbon dioxide make up most of the other 1%. The other remaining gases are trace gases because only small amounts of them are present. |
| What 3 things make a fire? | Oxygen, Fuel and heat |
| Does air have mass? | Yes, air has mass. It also has density and pressure. |
| What is density? | The amount of mass in a given volume of air is its density. Density =_Mass__ (More molecules in given volume, the Volume greater the density.) |
| What is pressure? | The force pushing on an area or surface. |
| What is air pressure? | Air pressure is the result of the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area. The column of air extends upward through the entire atmosphere. |
| What is a barometer? | It's an instrument that is used to measure air pressure. |
| Describe a mercury barometer. | Mercury barometer uses a glass tube open at the bottom end and partially filled with mercury The space above the mercury is almost a vacuum (contains very little air) the open end rests in a dish of mercury. When the air pressure increases, the column of |
| Describe an aneroid barometer. | An aneroid barometer has an airtight metal chamber. As air pressure increases the thin walls of the chamber are pushed in. When the pressure drops,, the walls bulge out. The chamber is connected to a dial by a series of springs and levers. As the shape of |
| How is air pressure measured? | It's measured with a barometer, the two common types are mercury barometer and aneroid barometers |
| What is altitude? | Elevation, is the distance above sea level ( sea level is the average level of the surface of the oceans) |
| What happens to density and pressure when you go up or down in altitude? | As you go up, altitude increases, and air pressure decreases and the density decreases. As you go down, altitude decreases, and the air pressure increases and density increases. |
| What are pollutants? | Pollutants are harmful substance in the air, water, or soil. Air that contains harmful particles and gases is said to be polluted. |
| How do pollutants affect human health? | Can create breathing problems, lung damage, asthma, eye, nose and throat irritation and decrease ability to deliver oxygen to cells |
| What are natural pollutants? | Natural from natural processes that add particles to the atmosphere such as forest fires, soil erosion, and dust storms, the wind carries molds and pollen and erupting volcanos spew clouds of dust and ash along with poisonous gases |
| What are human pollutants? | Human activities such as farming and construction, but most from burning coal, oil, gasoline, and diesel fuel. Almost half comes from cars and motor vehicles. Factories and power plants that burn coal and oil. Also burning wood. |
| What are the 5 layers of atmosphere in order? | (Bottom to top) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere which is divided into Ionosphere and Exosphere |
| What belongs in Troposphere? | Rain, snow, storms, and most clouds occur in the troposphere |
| What belongs in the stratosphere? | The ozone layer, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation. |
| What belongs in the Mesosphere? | Most meteoroids burn up in the mesosphere, producing meteor trails. |
| What are the 2 parts of the thermosphere? | The Ionosphere and the Exosphere |
| What belongs in the ionosphere? | Ions in the ionosphere reflect radio waves back to Earth. The aurora borealis occurs in the ionosphere. |
| What belongs in the exosphere? | Phone calls and television pictures are relayed by way of communications satellites that orbit Earth in the exosphere. |
| Name 2 types of smog | London-type smog and Photochemical Smog |
| What is London-type smog? | Particles in coal smoke combine with water droplets in humid air. |
| What is Photochemical Smog? | Brown haze that develops in sunny cities. Formed by the action of sunlight on pollutants such as hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. The chemicals react to form brownish mixture of ozone and other pollutants. |
| Explain bad ozone and good ozone and what layer are they in? | Ozone in the stratosphere is considered good because it blocks UV rays. Ozone in the troposphere is considered bad because it is there due to pollutants, which irritate the eyes, lungs, throat, and lungs. |
| How is acid rain formed? | Rain is naturally a little acid, but acid rain is when rain contains more acid than normal. |
| What is the effect of acid rain on things? | It can be strong enough to damage surfaces of buildings and statues, lakes, ponds. It can make water so acidic that things can no longer live in it. |
| What is smog? | fog or haze combined with smoke and other atmospheric pollutants. |
| How does smog form? | The burning of fossil fuels can cause smog (also acid rain). |
| What is the waste product of burning fossil fuels? | Burning fossil fuels, such as coal, oil gasoline and diesel fuel. From cars, factories, power plants. These in turn contain hydrocarbons, which produces carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. |
| How do you use the periodic table? | It contains the element's symbol ( an abbreviation of the symbol's name) the atomic number (number of protons an atom has) the element's mass weighted average mass of the element's isotopes. Horizontal rows are called periods. Vertical columns are called |
| What are valence electrons? | Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons and typically behave in a similar manner when bonding with other elements. ( the bottom 2 rows, Lanthanides and actinides belong to group 3B and are listed separately |
Created by:
rudolph.beukes
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