Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Openstax Chem 7
This content is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11760/1.9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| axial position | location in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry in which there is another atom at a 180° angle and the equatorial positions are at a 90° angle |
| bond angle | angle between any two covalent bonds that share a common atom |
| bond dipole moment | separation of charge in a bond that depends on the difference in electronegativity and the bond distance represented by partial charges or a vector |
| bond distance | (also, bond length) distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms |
| bond energy | (also, bond dissociation energy) energy required to break a covalent bond in a gaseous substance |
| bond length | distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms at which the lowest potential energy is achieved |
| Born-Haber cycle | thermochemical cycle relating the various energetic steps involved in the formation of an ionic solid from the relevant elements |
| covalent bond | bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms |
| dipole moment | property of a molecule that describes the separation of charge determined by the sum of the individual bond moments based on the molecular structure |
| double bond | covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms |
| electron-pair geometry | arrangement around a central atom of all regions of electron density (bonds, lone pairs, or unpaired electrons) |
| electronegativity | tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a bond to itself |
| equatorial position | one of the three positions in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry with 120° angles between them; the axial positions are located at a 90° angle |
| formal charge | charge that would result on an atom by taking the number of valence electrons on the neutral atom and subtracting the nonbonding electrons and the number of bonds (one-half of the bonding electrons) |
| free radical | molecule that contains an odd number of electrons |
| hypervalent molecule | molecule containing at least one main group element that has more than eight electrons in its valence shell |
| inert pair effect | tendency of heavy atoms to form ions in which their valence s electrons are not lost |
| ionic bond | strong electrostatic force of attraction between cations and anions in an ionic compound |
| lattice energy (ΔHlattice) | energy required to separate one mole of an ionic solid into its component gaseous ions |
| Lewis structure | diagram showing lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons in a molecule or an ion |
| Lewis symbol | symbol for an element or monatomic ion that uses a dot to represent each valence electron in the element or ion linear shape in which two outside groups are placed on opposite sides of a central atom |
| lone pair | two (a pair of) valence electrons that are not used to form a covalent bond |
| molecular structure | arrangement of atoms in a molecule or ion |
| molecular structure | structure that includes only the placement of the atoms in the molecule |
| octahedral | shape in which six outside groups are placed around a central atom such that a three-dimensional shape is generated with four groups forming a square and the other two forming the apex of two pyramids, one above and one below the square plane |
| octet rule | guideline that states main group atoms will form structures in which eight valence electrons interact with each nucleus, counting bonding electrons as interacting with both atoms connected by the bond |
| polar covalent bond | covalent bond between atoms of different electronegativities; a covalent bond with a positive end and a negative end |
| polar molecule | (also, dipole) molecule with an overall dipole moment |
| pure covalent bond | (also, nonpolar covalent bond) covalent bond between atoms of identical electronegativities |
| resonance | situation in which one Lewis structure is insufficient to describe the bonding in a molecule and the average of multiple structures is observed |
| resonance forms | two or more Lewis structures that have the same arrangement of atoms but different arrangements of electrons |
| resonance hybrid | average of the resonance forms shown by the individual Lewis structures |
| single bond | bond in which a single pair of electrons is shared between two atoms |
| tetrahedral | shape in which four outside groups are placed around a central atom such that a three-dimensional shape is generated with four corners and 109.5° angles between each pair and the central atom |
| Deffinition is too long and cannot be shortened. Please see book. | |
| trigonal planar | shape in which three outside groups are placed in a flat triangle around a central atom with 120° angles between each pair and the central atom |
| triple bond | bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms |
| valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) | theory used to predict the bond angles in a molecule based on positioning regions of high electron density as far apart as possible to minimize electrostatic repulsion |
| vector | quantity having magnitude and direction |
Created by:
point4christ
Popular Chemistry sets