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Structures

Structures G8

TermDefinition
allowable strength nominal strength divided by the safety factor
ASD Allowable Strength Design. A method of designing structural elements such that the allowable strength is greater than or equal to the strength necessary to support the required load combinations.
axial force a force that acts along a longitudinal axis of a structural member. Axial tension causes elongation of the member. Axial compression causes shortening of the member.
beam a structural member, usually horizontal, that carries a load that is applied transverse to its length
beam analysis the use of physical laws and mathematics to compute internal forces, stresses, and deformations
caisson a long cylindrical concrete foundation element formed by drilling into firm soil and pouring concrete into a hole
column an upright structural member acting primarily in compression
continuous beam a single beam that is supported by more than two supports such that it has at least two distinct spans
dead load the weight of the building or building components
deep foundation a foundation that transfers building loads into the earth well below the building structure
deflection the distance a beam or structure deforms under loading, typically due to bending in a beam
deformation a change in the shape of a structure or structural member caused by a load or force acting on the sturcture
design load the applied load determined by the required load combinations
equilibrium the state of a body such that the sum of all the external forces acting on the body equal zero and all the external moments acting on the body equal zero
fixed support a support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in two perpendicular directions and the rotation is restricted. A fixed support provides two perpendicular reaction forces and a reaction moment when the member is loaded
footing the lowest, widest part of the foundation that distributes the load over the broad area of the soil
force an agent that causes stress in an object
foundation the lower part of the building, which transfers structural loads from the building to
free body diagram body a diagram used to isolate a body from its environment, showing all external constraints and forces acting upon it and all geometric measurements necessary to model the
girder a horizontal beam that supports other beams; a very large beam, especially one that is built up from other sections
grade beam a reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from the bearing wall into a spaced foundation such as pile caps or caissons
internal force a force that is internal to structural elements and is needed to determine the material stress and strain
kip a unit of weight equal to 1000 lbs.
lateral load a force acting generally in a horizontal direction, such as wind,earthquake, and soil pressure against a structure
live load the weight of movable objects such as people, furnishing, vehicles in or on the building
load path a continuous system of structural elements that transfer an applied load to the supporting soil
Created by: rudolph.beukes
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