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Module 12 A&P
Respiratory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nasal cavity | moistens and warms inhaled air |
| mucous in nasal cavity | collects inhaled dust, preventing it from entering the lungs |
| pharynx | muscular tube commonly called the throat |
| nasopharynx | lies just behind the soft plate, contains openings for the Eustachian tubes |
| oropharynx | space between the soft plate and the base of the tongue, contains tonsils |
| laryngopharynx | passes dorsal to the larynx and connects to the esophagus |
| larynx | prevents foods and liquids from entering the trachea; acts as a passageway between the pharynx and trachea , also produces sound |
| trachea | large tube supported by c shaped rings of cartilage; often called "windpipe" |
| epiglottis | responsible for directing food and liquids into the esophagus during swallowing |
| vestibular folds | prevents food from entering the airway |
| bronchi | large tubes (one for each lung)that serve as a passage way for air |
| lungs | right side has three lobes, left side has two (room for the heart) |
| right bronchus | slightly wider and more vertical than left,making most likely location for inhaled food particles to lodge |
| carina | cartilaginous ridge at the end of the trachea |
| bronchioles | small airways that lack supportive cartilage |
| with thin the alveoli .... | gas exchanges occur |
| alveoli | wrapped in fine mesh of capillaries |
| pleural cavity | space between the visceral and parietal pleurae |
| diaphragm | main muscle responsible for pulmonary ventilation |
| inspiration | external intercostal muscle pull the ribs up and out, internal costals help elevate ribs, diaphragm contracts, pressing abdominal organs down and enlarging thoracic cavity, air rushes in |
| expiration | internal intercostals muscle relax, diaphragm relaxes, bulging up and pressing against base of lungs, reduce size of thoracic cavity, air pushes out |
| during times of forced or labored breathing... | accessory muscles of respiration assist with breathing |
| deep inspiration | muscles in neck and chest contract to help elevate chest |
| inspiratory center | primary respiratory center, contained in medulla |
| pneumotaxic center | prevents lung over inflation |
| expiratory center | contained in medulla |
| oxygen levels | peripheral chemoreceptors detect low blood levels of oxygen and signal medulla to increase rate and depth of respiration to bring in more oxygen |
| atmospheric pressure..... | drives respiration |
| factors that affect airflow | pulmonary compliance and alveolar surface tension |
| alveolar surface tension | inner surface of each alveoli is covered that a thin film of water, which is necessary for gas exchange |
| pneumothorax | if thoracic was is punctured air from the atmosphere will rush into pleural cavity, transform what is normally potential space to space filled with air |
| tidal volume | amount of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing |
| inspiratory reserve volume | amount of air inhaled using maximum effort after a normal inspiration |
| apnea | temporary cessation of breathing |
| dyspnea | labored or difficult breathing |
| hyperventilation | increased rate and depth of respiration,resulting in lowered blood levels of carbon dioxide; often results from aniety |
| orthopnea | labored breathing that occurs when a persons is lying flat but improves when standing or sitting up; claasic symptom of ventricular failure |
| the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide vary between... | air we breath, alveoli, arterial blood, and venous blood, these variations in pressure allow body to absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide |
| carbon dioxide | is the primary regulator of respiration |
| oxygen transports.... | in form of oxyhemoglobin |
| transport of carbon dioxide..... | carried as bicarbonate ions |
Created by:
Kylee_cheyenne
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