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TLHS Phy Sci #9
Work and Energy
Term | Definition |
---|---|
work | force applied through a distance |
machine | device that changes the force or increases the motion from work |
simple machine | machine that does work with only one movement of the machine |
compound machine | combination of two or more simple machines |
efficiency | ratio of output work to input work |
energy | ability to cause change |
system | anything around which you can imagine a boundary |
kinetic energy | energy due to motion |
potential energy | energy stored due to interactions between objects |
elastic potential energy | energy stored by compressing or stretching an object |
chemical potential energy | energy due to chemical bonds |
gravitational potential energy | energy due to the gravitational force between object |
law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed |
mechanical energy | sum of kinetic and potential energy |
power | rate at which energy is converted |
Temperature | measure of the average kinetic energy in an object |
thermal energy | sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles in an object |
hot | object has more kinetic energy than potential and the particles are moving quickly |
cold | object has more potential energy than kinetic and the particles are moving slowly |
heat | energy that is transferred between objects |
feels hot | energy is being transferred TO you from an object |
feels cold | energy is being transferred FROM you to an object |
specific heat | amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of material 1 degree C |
conduction | transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles, objects must touch |
convection | transfer of thermal energy in a fluid (liquid or gas), objects only have to touch the fluid not each other |
radiation | transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves like light and microwaves |