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Earth Science Final
Practice for the Earth science final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Results from an increase in CO2 | Global Warming |
| Matter changing from gas to liquid | Condensation |
| Transfer of energy through conduction, convection, and radiation | Water Cycle |
| All forms of water | Precipitation |
| Retention of heat by the atmosphere | Greenhouse Effect |
| Water changing from liquid to gas | Evaporation |
| Temperature where if cooled, air will saturate | Dew Point |
| Amount of water vapor in air | Humidity |
| Latent heat is released | Freezing |
| Latent heat is absorbed | Melting |
| Amount of sunlight that the surface reflects | Albedo |
| Energy sources that formed over time | Fossil Fuels |
| Provides info about stars composition and temperature | Spectral Lines |
| F = G m1m2/r squared | Law of Gravitation |
| Mass, luminosity, temperature and diameter | H-R Diagram |
| Stars and planets form from clouds and dust | Big Bang Theory |
| When a planet is farthest from the Sun. | Aphelion |
| 1.496 X 10 to the 8th km | Astronomical Unit |
| When a planet is closest to the Sun. | Perihelion |
| When orbits and rotational periods are equal. | Synchronous Rotation |
| When the Moon is farthest from Earth. | Apogee |
| Collects light from a distant object and focuses it at a point where the image of the object can be studied or recorded | Telescope |
| When the Moon is closest to Earth | Perigee |
| Plane that Earth orbits around the Sun. | Ecliptic |
| His first law states that all planets orbit the sun in a path which resembles an ellipse with the sun at one focus. | Kepler |
| What is the term used to describe the moment right before the Big Bang occurred when the Universe was compressed to the size of an atomic nucleus? | Singularity |
| Scientists measure the distances to nearby stars by observing how their positions change, relative to the background stars, as Earth orbits the Sun. This is called... | Parallax |
| This process begins when a vast expanse of gas and dust known as a "dark cloud" begins to contract and heat up, causing the center to become so dense and hot that it blows away the surrounding layers. What remains of the cloud contracts still further, tri | Birth of a star |
| Temperature of the core of a star to which hydrogen fusion occurs. | 10M degrees Fahrenheit |
| A cloud contracts and collapses and generates heat - a potential star. | Protostar |
| Star properties are governed by which two characterisitics | mass and composition |
| How many atoms of Hydrogen are required to fuse into Helium? | 4 |
| The seasons on our planet are a direct consequence of ____ | The orbit and tilt of the axis of Earth |
| Long ago, people probably observed the heavens because | They relied on their knowledge of the heavens to know when to plant crops and how to navigate ships |
| Space travelers looking out from the front of their spacecraft would note that the light emitted from the star system toward which they were moving seemed to be | getting bluer |
| Which of the following properties is constant for all types of electromagnetic waves? | Speed |
| Which of the following types of visible light as the highest energy? | Violet |
| Spectral lines are sometimes referred to as the stars' "fingerprints' because | Finger prints also consist of individual lines that combine to make a pattern; Both spectral lines and fingerprints are unique and characteristic of that which has produced them. |
| Which of the following has an icy composition | comets |
| Which are the terrestrial planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars |
| Which are the Jovian planets | Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
| When astronomers look at any galaxy, they find that the galaxy is moving away from Earth, In determining this movement astronomers examine its | Doppler Shift |
| Which factor is a cause of the difference in the noon time altitude of the Sun on June 21 and December 21? | the tile of the Earth's axis |
| So far, scientist have only been able to learn about the universe beyond the Earth and Moon by | Studying electro-magnetic radiation given off by objects in space |
| What amount of time makesup a single sunspot cycle | 10-12 years |
| A particle moving at the speed of light takes approximately 8 minutes to travel between the Sun and Earth. If Saturn is 9.5 AU from the Sun, approximately how long will it take for a particle at that speed to travel from the Sun to Saturn? | 76 minutes |
| Hydrogen fusion occurs where in the Sun? | Core |
| In the Northern Hemisphere, the average temperature is warmer in the summer because | the northern hemisphere is pointed toward the Sun |
| Our Sun will end its life as a | white dwarf |
| The most extreme high and low tides occur when | The Sun, Earth and Moon are lined up. |
| When the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in a direct line with each other, the tides are that result are called | Spring Tides |
| As the moon revolves around the Earth, the moon _______ | always keeps the same side facing Earth. |
| What is the debris from an impact that falls back to the surface of the Moon called? | Ejecta |
| In December, the South Pole is tilted farther toward the Sun than at any other time of the year, and the North Pole is tilted its farthest away from the Sun. What is the northern hemisphere experiencing at that time? | the winter solstice |
| How are Mercury and the Moon similar? | both are covered with craters and plains |
| What is a piece of interplanetary material that burns up in Earth's atmosphere called? | A meteor |
| What is a planet's backward motion in the sky called? | retrograde motion |
| A planet's average distance from the Sun is also what part of the orbital ellipse | The semimajor axis |
| The light we see fom the Sun comes from what layer | Photosphere |
| When the chromosphere can be seen during a solar eclipse, what is its color? | red |
| What is the net result of the proton-proton chain reaction in the core of the Sun? | 4 hydrogen atoms are fused into 1 Helium atom, 2 neutrinos + energy |
| From where does most of the solar wind flow? | Sunspots and flares |
| The brightness we observe from a star depends on two things | luminosity and distance |
| In the Hertzspung-Russell diagram, 90% of stars, including the Sun, fall along a broad strip of the H-R diagram called | Main sequence |
| The formation of a star begins with a cloud of interstellar gas and dust called | nebula |
| What causes sunspots on the Sun? | intense magnetic fields poking through the photosphere |
| The three parts of the Milky Way are the | halo, bulge, and disk |
| What are the three classificiation of galaxies? | spiral, elliptical, and irregular |
| What are the oldest objects in the Milky Way | Global cluster |
| Quasars emit what type of spectra | radio |
| The global winds have three basic zones which are the | trade winds, prevailing westerlies and polar easterlies |
| Narrow bands of fast, high-altitude, westerly winds are called | jet stream |
| What does Doppler radar monitor | motion of moving raindrops |
| Energy is transferred throughout the atmosphere by the processes of | Evaporation, condensation |
| Another name for thunderstorm clouds is | cumulonimbus |
| In which layer of Earth's atmosphere is air most likely warmed by conduction | thermosphere |
| True or False: The ozone is concentrated in the atmospheric layer called the mesosphere | False |
| Wind shear that causes a sudden change in wind direction or speed can occur either vertically or horizontally. If it moves vertically is can form | Tornado |
| During the summer and fall, the sunny tropics are the birthing grounds of large, rotating, low-pressure storms called | cyclones |
| Lightning is the illumination that occurs when an invisible channel of negatively charged air descends to the ground and a channel of positively charged ions rushes upward to meet it. What is the channel of positively charged ions called? | Ground stroke |
| Which process releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? | burning of fossil fuels |
| The process of photosynthesis moves carbon from the | atmosphere to plant biomass |
| The primary cause of acid rain is | burning of fossil fuels by humans |
| Which factor is most directly related to wind speed and direction | difference in pressure over a region |
| Where is precipitation most likely to occur? | on the leeward sides of mountains |
| A rise in the Earth's average global temperatures that may be due to increases in atmosphere CO2 caused by human activity is known as | Greenhouse |
| A puddle of water disappears when the sun shines on it is an example of | Evaporation |
| In the atmosphere, water vapor changes into liquid droplets, forming clouds. This is an example of | Condensation |
| Rain turns into sleet as it falls through a cooler layer of the atmosphere is an example of | Freezing |
| El Nino develops because of a weakening of what? | The trade winds |
| What location receives the most solar radiation | The tropics |
| What is the study of the Earth's climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climatic changes called? | climatology |
| Which way does the air circulate in a hurricane? | counter-clockwise |
| What is the cause of thunder? | the expansion of super heated air |
| The engine that drives thunderstorms is | warm, moist air rising from the ground |
| The negative charge at the bottom of the cloud is most likely formed by | a displacement in charge from the top to the bottom of the cloud |
Created by:
latimer
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