Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Henry 17
Lipids and Dyslipoproteinemia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cholesterol travels in circulation in spherical particles containing both lipids and proteins. These particles are called? | lipoproteins |
| what are the three main classes of lipoproteins measured in the serum | VLDL, LDL, HDL |
| VLDL are composed mostly of? | triglycerides |
| what is the main atherogenic class of lipoproteins | LDL |
| How does HDL affect ones risk for development of atherosclerosis | inversely |
| what is the optimal level for LDL | <100 (100-129 is near optimal/above optimal) and (130-159 is borderline high) |
| what level of LDL is high | >160 ( > 190 is very high) |
| what level of Total cholesterol is desirable | <200 (200-239 is borderline high) |
| what level of total cholesterol is high | >240 |
| what level of HDL is desireable | >40 (<40 is low and >60 is high) |
| what are the 5 modifiable CHD risk factors | 1) Smoking 2)Hypertension 3) Low HDL 4) Family Hx 5) Age |
| oxidation of LDL has been shown to increase atherogenesis how can that be inhibited | anti-oxidants |
| what is the only gentically determined component of lipoproteins | apolipoproteins |
| what is the major protein component of HDL particles | Apolipoprotein A1 |
| what is the major protein component of LDl | Apolipoprotein B100 |
| how does Lp(a) affect thrombosis | Lp(a) can compete for the binding of plasminogen to its cell membrane receptor on the endothelial surface |
| how does homocysteine enhance the atherosclerotic process | Generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, enhanced coagulation, inhibiting dilation of small arteries, promoting smooth muscle proliferation |
| what happens when Homocystein and LDL interact | they form LDL-homocysteine thiolactone aggregates which are taken up by macrophages and subsequently incorporated into foam cells in early atherosclerotic plaques |
| how can you lower serum concentrations of homocysteine | treatment with daily supplements of folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12 |
| what is a better predictor of cardiovascular events fasting or non-fasting triglycerides | non-fasting triglycerides |
| how are foam cells formed from LDL | Ox-LDL is taken up in macrophage scavenger receptors, promoting cholesterol ester accumulation and foam cell formation |
| How is percentage error related to bias and CV as per NCEP guidelines | % total error = %bias + 1.96 * (%CV) |
| What is the % total error acceptability limit for Total Cholesterol | <=9% |
| What is the % total error acceptability limit for Triglycerides | <=15% |
| What is the % total error acceptability limit for HDL Cholesterol | <=13% |
| What is the % total error acceptability limit for LDL Cholesterol | <=12% |
| What is the % total error for Cholesterol in a laboratory with a bias of 3.5% and a CV of 2% | |
| For evaluation of elevated cholesterol levels, diabetic patients are treated like patients who already have CHD. Diabetes confers a high risk of new CHD within how many years? | 10 years |
| ATP III (3rd report of NCEP 2002) , recognized for evaluation of elevated cholesterol levels which two conditions as candidates for intensive intervention and therapy | Metabolic Syndrome and patients with a high 10 year risk for CHD based on the Framingham risk projections |
| Is the focus of NCSP guidelines on recognizing abnormal and normal cholesterol values | No, it is shifted to assessing overall cardiovascular risk based on cutoffs for cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C |
| What are the tests recommended by ATP III as initial test for evaluating blood cholesterol | Complete lipoprotein profile - TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and Triglycerides |
| how often should a fasting lipoprotein profile be obtained | in adults over 20 it should be obtained every 5 years |
| In a patient that is non-fasting what parts of the fasting lipoprotein profile will be usable | the Total Cholesterol and HDL will be usable (get follow-up if TC is >200 or HDL is <40) |
| What is the primary target for Cholesterol lowering therapy | LDL-C |
| what is the LDL goal if you have CHD or CHD risk equivalents | <100 |
| what is the LDL goal if you have 2+ risk factors | <130 |
| what is the LDL goal if you have 0-1 risk factors | <160 |
| What are the two approaches used to reach LDL-C goal | Therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) and drug therapy |
| What are components of Therapeutic Lifestyle change | Dietary change and increased physical activity, combined with regular follow-up - this represents 1st line of therapy (may be combined initially with drug therapy in high risk patients) |
| What are the drugs used for hyperlipidemia | Statins, fibric acid derivatives, bile acid resins, and nicotinic acid |
Created by:
docamrish
Popular Medical sets