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Unit 8 Review
7th grade
| Natural Selection | Organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their traits to their offspring. |
| Charles Darwin | English scientist who developed the theory of evolution. |
| Embryo | A developing organism. |
| Relative Dating | Relative dating is the science of determining the relative order of past events without necessarily determining their absolute age. |
| Homologous Structures | Body parts that are structurally similar in related species and that provide evidence for a common ancestor. |
| Radioactive Dating | A technique used to determine the actual age of a fossil by measuring the amount of radioactive element it contains. |
| Fossil Record | Millions of fossils from all over the world have been collected and studied. |
| Species | A group of organisms that are physically similar and can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce. |
| Extinction | The disappearance of all members of a species from earth. |
| Geologic Time Scale | A system of measurement in order that relates stratigraphy to time, and is used by geologists, paleontologists, and other Earth scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred throughout Earth's history. |
| Variation | Any difference between individuals of the same species. |
| Mass Extinction | The disappearance of several different species |
| Petrified Fossils | A fossil formed when minerals replace all or part of an organism |
| Half Life | The time it takes for half of the items in a sample to decay. |
| Index Fossil | A specific fossil that is found in a specific time period used to identify or date the rock layer in which it is found. |
| Evolution | The gradual change in a species over time. |
| Fossil | The preserved remains or traces in an organism that lived in the past. |
| Cast | A fossil that fills in mold and hardens with minerals. |
| Theory | A statement that explains observations that have been repeatedly tested or widely accepted and can be used to make predictions. |
| Natural Selection | A process by wich individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce then others of the same species. |
| Mold | An empty space in the part that has dissolved. |
| Why do we often refer to evolution as the theory of evolution? | Because evolution can be explained through widely accepted, repeatedly tested observations. |
| Who was Charles Darwin? | An english scientist who developed the theory of evolution. |
| What did Darwin do? Why is he a famous scientist? | He developed the theory of evolution while studying finches. |
| Why do species become extinct? | Climate change, food chain, food, pangeia. |
| How is a mass extinction different from the extinction of a single species? | Mass extinctions would wipe out multiple species, but regular extinctions would wipe out one species. |
| An example of a mass extinction is the... | Dinosaurs. |
| What could be a cause of a mass extinction? | Meteorite, rise/lower of sea level, volcano. |
| Why aren't all organisms wiped out in a mass extinction? | Some are small enough to hide under ground. |
| How/Why does a mass extinction cause change in the ecosystem? | It messes up the food chain/web. |
| What are three examples of variation? | Hair color, eye color, skin color. |
| Explain ways that a variation could help an organism survive. | If they blend in more, have more/less built in heating. |
| Two examples of how humans affect extinction. | We kill them, we change their habitat, and they are too slow to adapt. |
| How might a variation give an advantage to one organism but not another? | It could be really cold somewhere and they need a big coat, but it might be really hot somewhere else and they need a thin coat. |
| How does variation affect reproduction? | In winter, a white fox will survive more than a black fox because it camouflages more than a black fox. In the summer it is opposite. |
| What other phrase could be used to explain natural selection? | Survival Of The Fittest |
| When examining fossils, are scientists observing, predicting, or inferring about the appearance of ancient organisms? Explain. | Inferring because they guess what they don't know. |
| What have scientists noticed about the embryos of different species? | The study of embryos shows that animals that appear to be very different as adults are similar during early development. |
| Give examples of body structures that we use to compare animals. | Heads, Legs, Arms, and Torso. |
| What do homologous structures suggest? | That the two organisms have come from a common ancestor or have a similar function in both organisms. Wings on a bird and arms on a person. |
| How is a fossil formed? | Most are formed when a plant or animal dies in a watery environment and is buried in mud and silt. Soft tissues quickly decompose leaving the hard bones or shells behind. Over time sediment builds over the top and hardens into rock. |
| Explain and give examples of Petrified fossils. | Ancient wood that has had all of its tissue replaced by quartz over a long period of time. Petrifaction occurs when a dead organism is protected from rot such that mineral-rich water is able to seep into it. |
| Explain and give examples of Mold fossils. | Mold fossils are fossilized impressions made in the substrate. It results in a negative image of the organism or body part. A footprint in mud or clay. |
| Explain and give examples of Cast fossils. | Cast fossils are formed when a mold is filled in, making an exact image of the organism or body part. When a mold is filled in with plaster or latex to make an exact copy of the object. |
| Explain and give examples of Preserved fossils. | The many different ways organisms are preserved gives fossils different characteristics.Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past. |
| What information can radioactive dating provide scientists? | It provides a more specific date then relative dating |
| What information can relative dating provide scientists? | It can suggest what fossil is older than the other |
| How does a half life relate to determining the age of fossils? | Scientists can then compare how much of the radioactive element there is compared to it's breakdown product. |
| How is the fossil record useful to scientists? | Fossil organisms may provide useful information about the climate and environment of the site where they were deposited and preserved. |
| What does the Geologic Time Scale help us understand and why is it useful to scientists? | They can help us determine the geologic age and environment in which they were deposited. If the fossil record is complete enough, their study can help us better understand the evolution of life through geologic time. |
| How might index fossils be useful in the Geologic Time Scale? | Index fossils are fossils used to define and identify geologic periods. |
Created by:
LissaBrooke
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