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Chapter 21
DHS PS Ch. 21 - Solutions (2015/2016)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What statment best allows you to predict which substance will dissolve in which substance? | "Like dissolves like" |
| A saturated solution will usually dissolve more solid solute if it is? | heated |
| A bottle of soda fizzes when opened because the dissolved gas? | comes out of solution |
| Which would "not" increase the rate at which sugar cube dissolves? | reducing the amount of solvent |
| In soda pop, the solvent would be the? | water |
| The air that you breathe is an example of a(n)___ solution? | gaseous |
| Water is sometimes referred to as the universal solvent because? | It is a small molecule and can fit easily among the molecules of many solutes |
| One commonly used precise way to describe concentrations of solutions is to state____. | The percentage by volume of the solute |
| What is the first step of the dissolving process? | The moving molecules of the solvent surround the molecules of the solute |
| Soap has a(n) end that will dissolve in water and a long hydrocarbon end that will dissolve in oily dirt | ionic (polar) |
| Which of the following types of solutes would dissolve well in water? | polar molecules |
| What makes ethanol (alcohol) so versatile? | It dissolves in both polar and nonpolar solvents |
| Substances that do not ionize in water and cannot conduct electricity are called? | nonelectrolytes |
| Soaps are salts of fatty acids which are long hydrocarbon molecules with a _____ at one end. | -COOH group |
| Gases are ____ in cooler solvents. | more soluble |
| A substance that does NOT conduct an electric current when it forms a solution is a(n) _____. | nonelectrolyte |
| Which are the water soluble (polar) vitamins? | B's & C |
| The solubility of calcium chloride, CaCI2, is 75g/100 g H20 at 20 degrees Celcius. A solution of 75g of CaCI2 in 100 g of water at 20 degree Celcius is? | saturated |
| You can make a solute dissolve more quickly in a solvent by | heating the solvent |
| Dissolving sodium chloride in water will? | lower the freezing point of the solution |
| The type of solution that contains a large, not precise, amount of solute in the solvent could be described as? | concentrated |
| An example of a gas-liquid solution is | a soft drink |
| A molecule that is positively charged on one end and negatively charged on the other end is? | polar |
| How can you increase the solubility of a gas in a liquid? | increased pressure, decreased temperature |
| The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature is its? | solubility |
| Which property allows water molecules to dissolve sugar? | both polar, opposite charge |
| Which of the following will increase the speed of dissolving of a solid solute in water? | stir the solution |
| Saltwater is a __________? | solution |
| What happens when the pressure on a soda is decreased? | some gas comes out of solution |
| Generally, as the temperature of a liquid solvent ______, the amount of solid solute that can dissolve in it? | increases, increases |
| An alloy is an example of a _____ solution. | solid |
| Because electrons are distributed equally, a hydrocarbon is _____. | nonpolar |
| Pennies minted after 1984 contain 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper. These coins are examples of | alloys |
| Air contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% argon. Which gas is the solvent? | nitrogen |
| A solution that contains all of the solute it can hold at a given temperature is? | saturated |
| Adding more solute to a solvent _____. | increases its boiling point |
| The process by which the positive and negative ions of a crystalline solid (ionic compound) separate in water is called? | dissociation |
| When a gas is dissolved in a liquid, the gas dissolves faster if the liquid is | cooled |
| Suppose 150g of cesium chloride are stirred into 100g of water at 20 degrees C. If 75g sink to the bottom of the container, what is the solubility of cesium chloride in water at 20 degrees C? | 75 |
| Which of the following combinations would increase the solubility of a gas in a liquid? | increase the pressure and decrease the temperature |
| What are the 4 fat soluble (nonpolar) vitamins? | A,D,E, & K |
| In a solution, the substance that is being dissolved is the ____. | solute |
| Increasing the surface area of a solid ____. | speeds the rate of solution |
| Loose sugar dissolves much faster than a sugar cube because loose suger? | has a greater surface area |
| The oceans are an example of a(n) _____ solution | liquid |
| A ____ is the substance being dissolved in a solution | solute |
| What characteristic of water makes it the universal solvent? | polar and small |
| A ____ is a large molecule made of carbon and hydrogen atoms | hydrocarbon |
| Because electrons are distributed equally, a hydrocarbon is? | nonpolar |
| What makes ethanol so versatile? | it dissolves in both polar and nonpolar solutes |
| Which is the best source of Vitamin C | 1 cup of orange juice |
| A _______ is a mixture that has the same composition, color, density, and even taste throughout. | solution |
| A molecule that has a positive and negative end is called ______. | polar |
| Salt water is composed of salt as the _____ and water as the _____. | solute, solvent |
| A carbonated soft drink is made from CO2/sugar as the _____ and water as the _____. | solute, solvent |
| A can of frozen OJ and water is composed from water as the _____ and OJ as the _____. | solvent, solute |
| The three phases of matter are _____, _____, and _____. | solid, liquid, gas |
| Where at on the solid does dissolving occur when placed in a liquid? | on the surface |
| Both sugar and water are _____ which means they have slightly _____ and _____ ends. | polar, positive, negative |
| How would you dissolve solids in solids? | they should be melted first before mixing them together |
| What are three factors that can affect the rate at which dissolving occurs? | stirring, reducing crystal size, or increasing the temperature |
| How does stirring speed up the dissolving process? | it brings more solvent in contact with more solute |
| How does temperature affect the rate of dissolving? | the kinetic energy of the particles increases as the temperature increases causing more solvent to bump into more solute |
| Air contains 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and one percent argon. Which gas is the solvent? | nitrogen |
| Sterling silver contains 92.5 percent silver and 7.5 percent copper. Which substance is the solute? | copper |
| A _____ is the substance being dissolved in a solution. | solute |
| As the temperature of a liquid solvent increase, the speed at which the solute dissolves __________. | increases |
| Increasing the surface area of a solid ______ the rate of a solution. | speeds up |
| Which one of these is a solution: muddy water or salt water? | salt water |
| A mixture that appears to have the same composition, color, and density and is mixed at the molecular level is called a(n) ______. | solution |
| Does decreasing the temperature cause an increase of the dissolving rate? | no |
| Would increased pressure, decreased temperature cause the solubility of a gas in a liquid to increase? | yes |
| A solution that contains all the solute it can hold at a given temperature is ______. | saturated |
| Generally, as the temperature of a liquid solvent _____, the amount of solid solute that can dissolve in it ______. | increases, increases |
| ______ is the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. | solubility |
| Gases are ______ in cooler solvents. | more soluble |
| Would "40 percent juice by volume" be considered a precise term? | yes |
| If more solute can be added to a solution at a given temperature, you know that the solution is _________? | unsaturated |
| If a solute crystallizes out of a solution when a seed crystal is added, what kind of solution is it? | supersaturated |
| Substances that do not ionize in water and cannot conduct electricity are called _______. | nonelectrolytes |
| _______ are compounds that form charged particles. | electrolytes |
| The process in which water molecules draw ions away from a crystalline solid and into solution is _______. | dissociation |
| Adding a solute to a solvent ______ the freezing point of the solvent. | lowers |
| The process of forming ions by breaking apart molecules in such a way that atoms take on a charge is called _______. | ionization |
| Fish that live in polar waters have a natural chemical antifreeze called _______. | glycoprotein |
| Why does adding a solute affect the freezing point of a solution? | added solute particles interfere with the formation of an orderly pattern |
| Adding solute to a solvent ______ the boiling point. | increases |
| Adding antifreeze to a cars radiator ______ the boiling point and ______ the freezing point. | increases, decreases |
| What characteristic of water makes it the universal solvent? | polar |
| A ______ is a large molecule made of carbon and hydrogen atoms. | hydrocarbon |
| Because electrons are distributed equally, a hydrocarbon is ______. | nonpolar |
| TRUE/FALSE: Nonpolar solvents are useful for dissolving nonpolar solutes. | true |
| What makes ethanol so versatile? | it dissolves in both polar and nonpolar solvents |
| Do nonpolar solutes dissolve in polar solvents? | no |
| A saturated solution will usually dissolve more solid solute if it is ______. | heated |
| A bottle of soda fizzes when opened because the dissolved gas _______ of solution. | comes out |
| Would reducing the amount of solvent increase the rate at which a sugar cube dissolves? | yes |
| In soda pop, the solvent would be: CO2 or water? | water |
| The air that you breathe is an example of a(n) ______ solution. | gaseous |
| Would ethanol dissolve iodine (iodine is nonpolar)? | yes |
| Water is an example of a(n) _______ solvent because it is a ______ molecule that can fit easily among the molecules of many solutes. | universal, small |
| One commonly used PRECISE way to describe concentrations of solutions is to state the ______ by ______ of the solute. | percentage, volume |
| What is the first step of the dissolving process? | the moving molecules of the solvent surround the solute molecules |
| Soap has a(n) ______ end that will dissolve in water and a long hydrocarbon end that will dissolve in oily dirt. | ionic |
| Would polar molecules dissolve well in water? | yes |
| ______ is known to be versatile because it dissolves in both polar and nonpolar solvents. | ethanol |
| Substances that do not ionize in water and cannot conduct electricity are called _______. | nonelectrolytes |
| ______ are salts of fatty acids which are long hydrocarbon molecules with a -COOH group at one end. | soaps |
| Gases are ______ soluble in cooler solvents. | more |
| A substance that does NOT conduct an electric current when it forms a solution is a(n) ______. | nonelectrolyte |
| You can make a solute dissolve more quickly in a solvent by ______ the solvent. | heating |
| Dissolving sodium chloride in water will ______ the freezing point of the solution. | lower |
| The type of solution that contains a large, not precise, amount of solute in the solvent could be described as _______. | concentrated |
| Would a soft drink be an example of a gas-liquid solution? | yes |
Created by:
basmith
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