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AS Biol - Cell Cycle

AS Biology-U1-Ch5-Cell Cycle

QuestionAnswerAnswer2
Centrifuge is used to separate organelles, a process known as cell fractionation (blank)
How many micrometers is one milimeter? equal to 1000 micrometers (blank)
Zygote Humankind starts life as a single cell called a zytoge->DNA in the zygote contains all the genes that you will need for all the proteins that you produce during your lifetime As you get older, cells become different from one another and their genes are switched on or off according to the proteins they produce->Every cell in your body, though, has an exact copy of your very own DNA.
Replication The mechanism by which DNA is copied is called Replication->Replication of DNA takes place before the chromosomes divide during mitosis. (blank)
Semi-conservative Replication when 2 new DNA molecules are formed, which are then identical to the original molecule (DNA string) with the same bases in the same order. As each molecule consits of one old chain and one new one, we call this semi-conservative replication. ->Replication of DNA takes place before the chromosomes divide during mitosis.
Chromosomes A human body cell contains 46 - that's two sets - of chromosomes->One set of 23 came originally from your father while the other set came from your mother->As you grow, or your body needs repairing, your cells divide. You can compare chromosomes to a cookery book with lots of different receipees (Gene being one single receipee)
Mitosis If you think of chromosomes as a way of packaging DNA, then mitosis is a way of making sure that the chromosomes and the DNA they contain are split equally when a cell divides.=>The DNA in the cel is packages into structures called chromosomes. During cell division, chromosomes are pulled apart so that there is one complete set in each of the 2 daughter cells that are formed. The process by which the chromosomes divide and are pulled apart is called mitosis.
Genes carry the information necessary to produce the enzymes which control reactions in cells. ->they also control the production of other proteins produced by living organisms. You can also compare a gene to a chocolate chip muffin receipe. ->genes are peices of DNA which code for the proteins the plant can make. Genes can be switched on and off so different parts of plants can make different proteins.
Genetic Code is a piece of DNA which codes for a specific protein.->DNA consists of 2 polynucleotide chains (1 is the conding strand)->The sequence of bases on the coding strand forms the genetic code. The genetic code is a TRIPLET CODE. A sequence of 3 bases codes for 1 amino acid->gen.code is non-overlapping->each triplet codes for separate amino acid->it is also universal->codes everywhere the same if in human, plants etc.
Why is the sequence of bases along the coding strand so very important? Because it determines the sequence of amino acids in the proteins that an organism can make->A change in one or more of these bases, may result in a change in the amino acids in a particular protein->As a result the protein may not work in the same way. In some cases it may not function at all. A change in the base sequence of a gene is a mutation.
Cell Cycle The sequence of events that occur from the formation of an individual cell until it divides to form a daughter cell. It is usual to divide the cycle into 3 stages. 1. interphase, 2. mitosis, 3. devision of cytoplasm (cytokinesis)
Interphase ->1. stage of the cell cycle->again divided into 3 phases: 1. G1->rapid growth->new organelles->protein synthesis, 2. synthesis of new DNA in nucleus->chromosomes are divided into 2 chromatids, 3. G2->more cell growth->cell organelles divide->accumulation of energy stores->beginning of condensation of chromosomes prior to division.
Cytokinesis ->last stage of the cell cycle->division of cytoplasm-> (blank)
Created by: 1sabelle
 

 



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