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Chapter 26
35 definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | The total of all reactions occurring in a living organism. |
| Metabolic rate | The rate at which an organism uses energy while in active. |
| Basal metabolic rate | The rate at which an organism uses energy while inactive. |
| Respiratory system | The system of organs that obtain oxygen from the air and eliminate carbon dioxide from the body; in humans, the lungs, trachea, and other associated organs. |
| Lungs | An organ that exchanges gases between the atmosphere and the blood. |
| Mucus | A thick sticky substance secreted by the mucous membranes in the human body. |
| Pharynx | The passageway between the mouth and the nose, esophagus, and larynx; also called the throat. |
| Esophagus | An elastic tube that is located behind the larynx and that carries food and liquids to the stomach. |
| Larynx | The short passage way that leads from the pharynx to the trachea; the sound producing organ. |
| Epiglottis | A thin flexible flap in front of the larynx; folds over and blocks the glottis during swallowing. |
| Glottis | The space between the vocal cords. |
| Trachea | The tube that carries air between the pharynx and the lungs. |
| Bronchi | The 2 branches of the trachea; function in carrying air to and from the lungs. |
| Bronchioles | One of many tiny branches from the bronchi; carries air to and from alveoli within the lung. |
| Alveoli | The microscopic sacs in which the exchange of gases takes place in the lungs. |
| Throax | A body region between the head and the abdomen. |
| Diaphragm | The muscle that separate the thorax from the abdomen in ,mammal and humans; aids breathing. |
| Digestion | The breaking of food into smaller substances that the body's cells can use. |
| Assimilation | The process by which living cells convert nutrients into cellular structures. |
| Digestive system | A group of tissues and organs that work together to digest an organism's food. |
| Mechanical digestion | The process of breaking food into smaller pieces and mixing it with it with the digestive juices. |
| Chemical digestion | Chemically breaking down food into substances that the body can use. |
| Alimentary canal | The digestive tract. |
| Peristalsis | A series of muscular contractions that moves food along the alimentary canal. |
| Accessory organs | An organ that secretes substances that are carried through ducts into the alimentary canal. |
| Salivary glands | A digestive gland that secretes saliva into the mouth. |
| Saliva | The watery fluid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands that moistens foods and begins starch digestion. |
| Chyme | The semiliqiud mixture of digestive juices and partly digested food in the stomach and small intestine. |
| Small intestine | The digestive organ in which most of the digestion and absorption of food occurs. |
| Vili | Microscopic finger-like structures that line the wall of the small intestine. |
| Large intestine | The part of the digestive tract that extends from the end of the small intestine to eh anus; absorbs water and minerals. |
| Bile | A substance secreted by the liver; helps to regulate substances in the blood, and stores minerals and vitamins. |
| Liver | The organ that produces bile helps to regulate substances in the blood, and stores minerals and vitamins. |
| Portal vein | The blood vessel that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver. |
| Calories(Cal) | A unit used to indicate the amount of energy released from food during cellular respiration. |
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yoceli
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