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Chapter 10 vocab WG
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| AGRIBUSINESS | commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations |
| AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION | The time when human beings first domesticated plants & no longer relied entirely on hunting & gathering |
| AGRICULTURE | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of earth's surface through the cultivation of crops & the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain |
| AQUACULTURE | The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions |
| CEREAL GRAIN | A grass that yields grain for food |
| CHAFF | husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing |
| COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE | Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm |
| CROP | any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season |
| DIETARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION | The amount of food that an individual consumes, measured in kilocalories (calories in the US) |
| GRAIN | seed of a cereal grass |
| GREEN REVOLUTION | Rapid diffusion of new agriculture technology especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers |
| INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE | A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land |
| MILKSHED | The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied |
| OVERFISHING | capturing fish faster than they can reproduce |
| PADDY | The Malay word for wet rice, increasingly used to describe a flooded rice field |
| PASTORAL NOMADISM | A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals |
| PLANTATION | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of 1 or 2 crops for sale, usually to a more developed country |
| RIDGE TILLAGE | A system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation |
| SAWAH | A flooded field for growing rice |
| SHIFTING CULTIVATION | A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period |
| SLASH-AND-BURN AGRICULTURE | another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris |
| SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE | agriculture designed primarily to provide foot for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmers family |
| SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE | farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides |
| THRESHING | beating out grain from stalks |
| TRUCK FARMING | commercial gardening and fruit farming so named "TRUCK" was a middle English word meaning "barter" or "exchange of commodities" |
| UNDERNOURISHMENT | dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity |
| WET RICE | rice planted in dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth |
| WINNOWING | removing chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind |
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