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Devon Social Studies
Social Studies Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Jacques Cartier | An explorer sent by the king of France to find a short cut through North America to Asia. He names the land he finds Canada. |
| Sieur de Monts | He was granted a monopoly for the Fur Trade in Acadia (part of Canada) |
| Ste. Croix | The first French settlement in North America 1604 |
| Monopoly | Sieur de Monts was granted a monopoly for the fur trade – this meant that de Monts was the only person allowed to trade furs in this region (he had no competition) |
| Port Royal | The second settlement founded by the French (after the disaster of Ste. Croix) 1605 |
| Scurvy | Scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C – the First Nations cure was to boil cedar boughs until a black teas was created. |
| Order of Good Cheer | A club that was started at Port Royal to lift the spirits of the settlers. Each man would take a turn hosting a special feast or entertainment. |
| Samuel de Champlain | The Father of New France – Champlain was an explorer, soldier and mapmaker who helped found all three original settlements |
| The Habitation (1608) | Modern day Quebec City |
| First Nations allies | The Algonkin, Montagnais and Huron |
| First Nations Enemies | The Iroquois |
| 6 parts of fur trade | The beavers, the First Nations and the coureurs de bois/voyageurs who trapped the beavers, birch bark canoes for transportation, the merchants to trade for the furs, and the fashions in Europe that was creating the demand for the furs. |
| Difference between coureurs de bois and voyageurs | They were exactly the same except that the voyageurs had a license to trap and trade furs with the French Merchants. They had to start licensing the coureur de bois so they could control how many of them there were (there were so many Frenchmen running o |
| Missionaries | They were sent to help convert the native people to Christianity. |
| Jesuits | They were known as “soldiers of God” – their job was to try and change the religion of the First Nations to Christianity. |
| Cures | Regular parish priests in New France |
| Tithe | A tax paid to the church – it was one tenth of your income for a year. |
| 4 problems with New France | A low population, could not grow enough food for colony, the merchants still ran the colony and were only interested in making money, the Iroquois were constantly attacking |
| King Louis XIV – his improvements | He sent soldiers to fight the Iroquois and sent the Bishop, Governor, and Intendant to rule the colony in his name. |
| Bishop, Governor, and Intendant | The Bishop was in charge of the church, hospital, and schools. The Governor was in charge of the colony’s protection. The Intendant was in charge of the day to day running of the colony. |
| Jean Talon | “The Great Intendant” – passed several laws that encouraged people to marry early and have lots of kids. |
| Census | A count of the population |
| Les Filles de Roi | “Daughters of the King” – orphan girls from France sent to raise the population. |
| King’s Gift | 20 Livres given to boys who married before the age of 20 and girls before the age of 16 |
| Seigneurial system | The land ownership system in New France |
| Seigneurie | A large piece of land given to a Seigneur by the King. |
| Seigneur | A landlord in New France – given land by the king, he was responsible for dividing up the seigneurie into strips of land and finding settlers. |
| Habitants | Settlers found by the Seigneur to live on the seigneurie. |
| Cens et Rents | The rent paid to the seignuer from the habitants |
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