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BCPS study guide
acid base disorders, shock and anemia
Question | Answer |
---|---|
how do you calculate anion gap . albumin will lower AG by how much typically if low | [Na]-[Cl+HCO3]. anion gap will decrease by 2.5-3 for every 1 g/dL decrease in albumin |
primary disturbance associated with metabolic acidosis and compensatory mechanism. | decreased bicarb and decreased PCO2 by increasing respiratory rate. respectively |
primary disturbance associated with metabolic alkalosis and compensatory mechanism. | increased bicarb and increased PCO2 by decreasing respiratory rate respectively |
primary disturbance associated with respiratory acidosis and compensatory mechanism. | increased PCO2 and increased bicarb |
primary disturbance associated with respiratory alkalosis and compensatory mechanism. | decreased PCO2 and decreased bicarb |
what is procalcitonin a marker for | bacterial infections |
affects on cardiac index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance in septic shock | CI increases, PCWP decreases and SVR decreases |
affects on cardiac index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance in hypovolemic shock | CI decreases, PCWP decreases, SVR increases |
affects on cardiac index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance in cardiogenic shock | CI decreases PCWP increases, SVR increases |
what is the target level of TSAT and ferritin | TSAT >30% ferritin >200 in hemodialysis and in non-hemodialysis >100 |
when is erythropoetin indicated | check H/H, MCV, reticulocyte count, iron studies, B12 and folate levels and stool guaiac. if not pointing to iron deficiency anemia but hgb is <10 then give |
what is the goal hgb when giving erythropoetin | keep below 11 in HD patients. if non-HD then 10 |
what does cinacalcet do and when should you not give it | increases sensitivity of calcium receptors on parathyroid gland to serum calcium. do not start if calcium is <8.4 or can cause hypocalcemia |