The modern theory of cellular organisation states that:

1. ALL living organisms are composed of cells., 2. all new cells are derived from other cells, 3. Cells contain the heredirary material of an organism which is passed form parent to daugher cells.

Of or pertaining to metamorphosis; pertaining to, or involving, change.

Any cellular organism that lacks a distinct nucleus.ie. bacterias

->Organism whose cells have chromosomes with nucleosomal structure and separated from the cytoplasm by a two membrance nuclear envelope and compartmentalisation of a function in distinct cytoplasmic organelles.

mitochondria, chloroplasts, a Golgi apparatus, an endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes. All organisms except bacteria are eukaryotes; bacteria are prokaryotes

exist inside a cell->jelly-like->contains enzymes and other soluble material.

contain all cell organelles->also called hyaloplasm or cytosol.

All living organisms are composed of basic units called cells.

those organisms consisting of a single cell in which all the characeristic activities take place

organisms consisting of many cells

Cells performing similar fundtions are organised into tissues

Vascular tissues specialised for the transport of the products of photosynthesis

Vascular tissues through which water and mineral ions are transported.

Some solutes have a higher concentration inside the cell than outside so they have to cross the membrane against the concentration gradient. ->which isn't possible with passive transport (simple- or facilitated diffusion)->AT requires energy->and carrier

to transport large amnt of materials neither diffusion nor active transport work.->Instead cells have to make micro-containers from plasma membrane itself->these sac like structures are called vesicles.

the process of vesicle formation and their subsequent movement is known as..

is the process of importing material in vesicles

is the process of exporting materials in vesicles.

*Explain why the cell membrane is describes as having a fluid mosaic structure.

1. because the membrane is fluid, and the mosaic arrangement of the protein molecules.

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AS Biology - Cellula

AS Biology - Unit 1 - Cellular Organisation - Chapter 4

Question	Answer	Answer
The modern theory of cellular organisation states that:	1. ALL living organisms are composed of cells., 2. all new cells are derived from other cells, 3. Cells contain the heredirary material of an organism which is passed form parent to daugher cells.	4. all metabolic processes take place within cells=>all cells are self-contained (self-sufficient units)
Metabolic	Of or pertaining to metamorphosis; pertaining to, or involving, change.	(blank)
Cytology	the study of cells	(blank)
Prokaryotic Cells	Any cellular organism that lacks a distinct nucleus.ie. bacterias	->no chromosomes (circular strand of DNA)-> no chloroplast (->photosynthesis)->no mitosis/meiosis
Eukaryotic Cells	->Organism whose cells have chromosomes with nucleosomal structure and separated from the cytoplasm by a two membrance nuclear envelope and compartmentalisation of a function in distinct cytoplasmic organelles.	->contains a clearly defined nucleus enclosed by a membrane, along with organelles (small, self-contained, cellular parts that perform specific functions).
The presence of membrane-bound organelles confers 4 advantages:	(Eukaryotic cells):->1.	(blank)
Organelles include:	mitochondria, chloroplasts, a Golgi apparatus, an endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes. All organisms except bacteria are eukaryotes; bacteria are prokaryotes	(blank)
Cytoplasm	exist inside a cell->jelly-like->contains enzymes and other soluble material.	(blank)
Cytoplasmic matrix	contain all cell organelles->also called hyaloplasm or cytosol.	(blank)
Definition Cells	All living organisms are composed of basic units called cells.	(blank)
Unicellular	those organisms consisting of a single cell in which all the characeristic activities take place	(blank)
Multicellular	organisms consisting of many cells	(blank)
Tissues	Cells performing similar fundtions are organised into tissues	and the tissues contribute to the structure of the body organs.
Phloem	Vascular tissues specialised for the transport of the products of photosynthesis	Tissue forming part of the plant vascular system, responsible for the transport of organic materials
Xylem	Vascular tissues through which water and mineral ions are transported.	Plant tissue in vascular plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves->Also provides structural support for the plant, especially in wood.
Active Transport	Some solutes have a higher concentration inside the cell than outside so they have to cross the membrane against the concentration gradient. ->which isn't possible with passive transport (simple- or facilitated diffusion)->AT requires energy->and carrier	carriers have binding sites which pick up specific molecules. They function in one direction only and require energy to change shape and move the solute.
Vesicles	to transport large amnt of materials neither diffusion nor active transport work.->Instead cells have to make micro-containers from plasma membrane itself->these sac like structures are called vesicles.	Cells can use vesicles to transport solids or liquids across plasma membrane either into or out of the cell.
Cytosis	the process of vesicle formation and their subsequent movement is known as..	(blank)
Endocytosis	is the process of importing material in vesicles	allows large amounts of substances to enter. Both these processes involve the formation of vesicles.
Exocytosis	is the process of exporting materials in vesicles.	Exocytosis allows large amounts of substances to leave a cell->processes involve the formation of vesicles.
*Explain why the cell membrane is describes as having a fluid mosaic structure.	1. because the membrane is fluid, and the mosaic arrangement of the protein molecules.	(blank)

Created by: 1sabelle

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