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5th Yr Music

Bach 1

QuestionAnswer
Describe the use of melody in Baroque music? The shape tends to be inlong arches, melody is elaborated and based on harmonic changes. Use of ornaments-trills. Use of word painting, imitation and sequences, use of non chordal notes (to create tension in a piece)
Describe the use of harmony in Baroque music? Based on traditional major/minor key system. Figured Bass- numbers placed under the chords to indicate which notees to play. Pedal notes- holding or repeating bass notes-harmonic tension
Describe some of the forms used in Baroque music? Cantata- similar to oratorio but shorter, religious, included recitatives, written for small groups without action + had simple accompaniments.Ritornello form- based on a recurring idea played by instruments which returns as an interlude between episodes
Describe use of texture in Baroque music? Many styles. Some with bare block chords- homophonic. More commonly known for polyphony. Presence of basso continuo- provided continuous harmonic support, Imitation and Canon were common.
What does Baroque mean? A Portuguese word used to describe the ornate and dramatic architecture of the 17th and 18th centuries. Also used to describe the elaborate music.
Describe use of dynamics in this cantata? Use of terraced dynamics. (loud v's soft with few cresc) Instruments in this time were less well designed and compensations had to be made for louder instruments in dynamic markings.
Define Basso Continuo Foundation for most types of Baroque music, provides a purposeful bass line which causes the music to press steadily forward from beginning to end.
Recitative Closely related in pitch and rhythm to dramatic speech. Declamatory in style. 2 types, secco- dry supported by plain chords on continuo, Accompagnato- nature of words heightened by simple orchetral accomp.
Aria Given greater importance than recitative. Portrayed the characters emotion and thoughts.
Chorale German hymn tune. Initiated by Martin Luther in an effort to bring people in more dirct contact with God. Sung in German by the whole congregation. Moves by step, has tight harmonies.
Chaconne A bass figure usewd repeatedly as the foundation of a movement. Usually heard in low instruments sometimes can be heard in vocal lines/higher instruments.
In mvt 1 what melody is the soprano line based on? Melody from chorale, mvt 7.
Name 3 important themes from mvt 1? Grief motif, ostinato theme, joy theme. (Be able to sing them and write dictations)
What is the form of Mvt 1? Ritornello
Name the key and time sig of Mvt 1? G minor, 3/4
Names the instruments and voices S.A.T.B. fl, ob 1, horn and V1,Ob 2, V2., Viola, Continuo
Who doubles the soprano? Horn and Fl (up an 8ve)
Name some comp features of Mvt 1? Counterpoint, Canon, Antiphony, Circle of 5ths, Picardy 3rd, Inversion
Summarise the text of Mvt 1? Jesus by thy cross and passion you have torn out my soul from the devils dark hell. Throught the pleasant word of the bible you let me know this.
Name some features of Ostinato theme? Be able to sing 'song". 8ve leap, descending chromatic mV,
What theme accompanies Sop when singing? Ostinato
Name some features of Grief motif? Opening leap of 6th, downward leap of 5th, dotted rhythm, syncopation. Be able to sing 'song'
Name some features of joy motif? Rising 3 note idea, dactyle motif. Accompanies most of vocal sections.
Summarise the text of Mvt 2? We hurry with weak but purposeful steps to you O Jesus O Master. Oh hear how we raise our voices to pray for your help.
What type of mvt is mvt 2? Aria, duet, S.A
What is the form of mvt 2? Da Capo Aria. ABA
Name the key and time signature? B flat major. 4/4
Name the instruments and voices for mvt2? S.A with organ, cello and double bass.
Describe the texture for mvt 2? Polyphonic and homophonic
Name some compositional features of mvt 2 ? Antiphony, canon, counterpoint
Name some examples of word painting in mvt 2? The continuous quaver and crotchet mvt in the continuo portrays hurrying footsteps, 'Erheben'- raise- ascending seq, 'freulich'- joyful, 'Eilen'-hurry-quaver mV
State key and time sig of mvt 3? Atonal, ends on perfect cadence in C minor, 4/4
Name an example of word painting in mvt 3? 'Ezurnet' angry- melisma
Name some musical features of mvt 3? Dim 5ths and 7ths. Aug 4ths- devil in music (opens with this interval), melisma, dissonance, abrupt entrance, chromatic mvt- anguish in lyrics, change of tempo- more metrical. (Know where this happens and reason why)
Summarise the text of mvt 3? I am a child of my sins, my will aspires to evil, i take the pain, torture and burden of my sins and deliver them to you Lord.
Summarise the text of mvt 4? Your blood which crosses out my guilt makes my heart light again and cleans me. If the ruler of hell call me to fight, Jesus stands by my side so that I will be brave.
Can you sing 'song' for mvt 4? Movement four tenor with flute obligato
What does the fl represent? Purity of the soul.
What is the form of mV 4? Da Capo/Dal segno ABB1A
What is texture for mvt 4? Polyphonic
Name some examples of word painting in mvt 4? Tonality change- pureness of heart. Upwards leaps confident and uplifting. Downward leaps- emphasis on certain words. Streite- melisma, strehet- pedal note- jesus always with us.
Name the key and time sig for mvt 4? G minor to B flat major, 6/8- compound duple time.
Name some musical features of mvt 4? Step mV, sequences, leap of 5th (beherzt), leap of 8ve (streite), upbeat, running semiquavers, parallel 3rds and 6th, syncopation , antiphony, ornamentation.
Who sings Mvt 5? Bass récit, accompagnato
Name the key of mvt 5? E flat major, goes through a variety of keys, ends in F major.
Name the instruments in mvt 5? Strings and continuo
Describe the word setting of mvt 5? Manily syllabic
Name the form of Mvt 5? ABCD. All 4 sections contrast in dynamics, tempo and tonality.
Name some examples of word painting in mvt 5? Descending leap 'grave'
What happens in andante section? Text becomes more hopeful, music becomes more melodic and expressive. Uses melisma, many trill in this section in violins, nearly continuos quaver mvt.
Name the key and time signature of mvt 6? Cminor, 4/4
Name the voice and instruments? Bass, oboe (solosit), strings and continuo
Name the form of mvt 6? ABA1 Da Capo
Describe the use of phrasing in mvt 6? Unusual phrase lengths. Oboe and bass often overlap melodies.
Name some features of mvt 6? Step mvt, sequences, 8ve leaps, upbeat, dotted rhythm, running semiquavers.
Can you sing the 'song' for mvt 7? Get practicing!
Name the texture for mvt 7? Homophonic
Name the form of mvt 7? AABC
Describe the last chord? Picardy 3rd. Minor piece ends with major chord (hope)
What is cantus firmus? A pre existing melody ( in this case the chorale) that is the basis for polyphonic mvt (in this case the 1st mvt)
Created by: goneill
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