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Opma

Chapter 8- Quality management & control

TermDefinition
Quality costs is divided into 2 categories. Which one ? Control costs(proactive) and failure costs(reactive)
The cost of improving process design and product design is which kind of quality costs ? Prevention costs
The costs of lawsuits from injury from use of the product is which kind of quality costs ? External failure costs
The costs of quality audit is which kind of quality costs ? Appraisal cost
The costs resulting from yield losses is which kind of quality costs ? Failure costs
Quality can be improved if money can be moed out of `failure costs` and into ` control costs`. No new money needed. T/F ? True
Quality goes up, costs go down. Which view from proactive improvement of quality? Deming's view
Failsafing ? creating a control condition where the customer or employee can only take the correct action while performng the process
Good way to formalize previous ` lessons learned`. easy to use, effective & efficient, share best pratices. Who am I ? Checklists
What are the 4 components of cost of quality ? prevention, control, failure, appraisal
5 components of fitness for use(ketchup bottle) quality of design quality of conformance availability safety field use
What are the 2 categories to define quality ? Technical (core element od the good/service) and functional (customer perception of the product/service)
Tell me some effective service guarantees unconditional, easy to understand, meaningful, easy and quick to collect etc.
The goal is to reduce process variation to only 3.4 defect per million are produced by a process that involves a high volume of manufactured units or service transactions Six sigma black belt certification ( lead process improvement project and team)
What PDCA cycle means ? Plan, do, check, act. Principle of continuous improvement
What ISO means ? International Organization for Standardization
My goal is to facilitate international trade by providing a single set of standards that people everywhere will recognize and respect. ISO 9000 ( generic management system standard)
I'm a quality certification primarily concerned with environental management. ISO 14000
I'm a voluntary guidance tool on social and environmental responsabilities. ISO 26000
The variability in demand is amplified as we move from the customer to the producer in the supply chain Bullwhip effect
My graph has a bar chart of frequencies + a line of cumulative percentage. My chart has events ranked in decreasing order of importance. Pareto analysis
3 quality control graphic tool Pareto analysis Scatter diagrams Fishbone diagram ( causes-effects)
Measure of central tendency X= Average
Measure of dispersion R= Range
The distribution of sample means can be approximated by... ? The normal distribution. ( approve the central limit theorem)
The distribtion of sample means will have Greater/Lower variability than the individual process distribution ? Lower
The distribtion of sample means will have an average Greater/Lower/Same than the individual process distribution ? Same mean as the individual process distribution
When the process is not operating in a usual way, the variation is not purely random . Out of control
Difference between an attribute and a variable Attributes is data that we can count, variables data that we can measure
Other evidence that the process requires investigation - Trends in either direction - Erratic behavior (far from the middle line) - two consecutive points close to UCL/LCL - Run of 5 points above/ below central line
Measures whether or not the output will routinely meet the design specifications. Process capability
USL/LSL specification limits are externally set (someone else) and are not affected by improving the process ( T/F) True
When the sample says that there is a problem, so we stop and finnaly there is no problem. Which type of error is this ? Type I error, also call producer risk, because he is the one loosing profit.
When the sample says that its okay when there is a problem,No action is taken. Which type of error is this Type II error, also call consumer risk, because he can get a defect object when he thought it was good.
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