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Ch 18 LOM Ed. 10
Lanuguage of Medicine 10th Edition
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| Exocrine glands | Send chemical substances via ducts to the outside of the body. (tears, sweat, milk, saliva) | Sweat, mammary, mucous, salivary, and lacrimal (tear) glands. |
| List all 8 endocrine glands | thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, pituitary, ovaries, testes, pineal | Secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream. |
| Melatonin | Functions to support the body's biological clock, and its thought to induce sleep. | Secretions increase with deprivation of light and is inhibited by sunlight. |
| pineal gland | Located in the central portion of the brain. | Endocrine gland that secretes melatonin. |
| seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | The person suffers depression in winter months. | The pineal gland has been linked to SAD condition. |
| erythropoietin | kidney | Secreted by endocrine tissue, not a gland; in the kidneys, |
| human chorionic gonadotropin | placenta | Secreted by endocrine tissue in other organs apart from the major endocrine glands. |
| cholecystokinin | gallbaladder | Secreted by endocrine tissue in other organs apart from the major endocrine glands. |
| What do prostaglandins do and where are they located? | Hormone-like substances found in the prostrate gland that affect the body in many ways. Name 3 ways... | 1. stimulate contractions of the uterus 2. regulate body temperature, platelet aggregation, and acid secretion in the stomach 3. have the ability to lower blood pressure |
| prostaglandins produced by the? | The prostrate gland and found in semen and body cells. | Secreted by endocrine tissue |
| Endocrine tissue; Name 3 gastrointestinal tract secretions. | Cholecystokinin, Gastrin, Secretin | Contracts gallbladder stimulates gastric secretion, stimulates pancreatic enzymes. |
| Kidney endocrine tissue secretes what hormone? | Erythropoietin | Stimulates erythrocyte production |
| Pineal gland secretes what hormone? | Melatonin which? | Induces sleep and affects mood. |
| Placenta secretes what hormone? | Secretes Human chorionic gonadotropin, which? | Sustains pregnancy. |
| Skin contains endocrine tissue that secrets what? | Vitamin D is secreted by the endocrine tissue in skin and does what? | Affects absorption of calcium |
| Where is the thyroid gland? | Is composed of a right and left lobe on either side of the trachea, just below a large piece of cartilage called the thyroid cartilage. | 2 hormones secreted are thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) |
| tetraiodothyronine T4 and triiodothyronine T3, are made where and from what? | synthesized in the thyroid gland from iodine | Which is picked up from the blood circulating through the gland, and from a amino acid called tyrosine. |
| What is most thyroid hormone bound to as it travels in the blood? | Thyroid hormones are bound to protein molecules. | Maintains normal levels of body metabolism in all cells. |
| What does removal of the thyroid gland do? | Diminishing thyroid hormone content in the body results in a lower metabolic rate, heat loss, and poor physical and mental development. | Injection of thyroid hormone raise the metabolic rate. |
| Calcitonin is secreted by the? | Thyroid gland, which causes? | Decreases blood calcium. |
| parathyroid glands are located where? | Are four small oval bodies located on the dorsal aspect of the thyroid gland. | Secrete parathyroid hormone PTH, |
| What does the thyroid gland secrete when calcium levels in the blood are high? | The thyroid secrets Calcitonin, which acts how? | It stimulates calcium to leave the blood and enter the bones, thus lowering blood calcium back to normal. Strengthens weakened bone tissue and prevents spontaneous bone fractures. |
| The thyroid cartilage is located where? | Covers the larynx and produces the prominence of the neck known in men as the adams apple. | Just above the thyroid gland. |
| What is the isthmus of the thyroid gland? | Of the thyroid gland is a narrow strip of glandular tissue that connects the two lobes on the ventral anterior surface of the trachea. | |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by what Endocrine gland? | PTH is secreted by the parathyroid gland. | Also known as parathormone. |
| If calcium in the blood drops what endocrine gland hormone is secreted by what organ. | If calcium drops, the parathyroid gland secrets (PTH) parathyroid hormone to cause? | Calcium to leave the bones and enter the blood stream. |
| The adrenal glands are? | Two small glands, one on towp of each kidney. | Each gland consists of two parts: an outer and an inner portion. |
| What are the two portions of the adrenal gland called? | The two portions of the adrenal gland are called the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. | Secrete different hormones. |
| What different hormones do the adrenal glands secrete? | Steroids or corticosteroids and catecholamines | Derived from cholesterol and amino acids, respectfully. |
| What hormone does the adrenal cortex secrete? | steroids or corticosteroids | derived from cholesterol. |
| What hormone does the adrenal medulla secrete? | catecholamines | derived form amino acids. |
| How many types of corticosteroids does the adrenal cortex secrete? | Three | Glucocorticoids, cortisol |
| Endocrine glands | No matter which hormones they produce; secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream. | 8 endocrine glands |
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Hobbskg
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