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ALH Chapter 11
Urinary System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| peritoneum | serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity |
| erythropoietin | hormone that acts on bone marrow to stimulate production of red blood cells when blood oxygen levels are low |
| rugae | small folds in the bladder that expand as the bladder fills |
| trigone | triangular area at the base of the bladder |
| urinary meatus | urethral opening |
| albumino | albumin, protein |
| azoto | nitrogenous compounds |
| cysto | bladder |
| vesico | bladder |
| glomerulo | golmerulus |
| kali | potassium |
| litho | stone |
| meato | opening |
| oligo | scanty |
| pyo | pus |
| pyelo | renal pelvis |
| retro | backward, behind |
| pyelonoephritis | kidney infection/nephritis. inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis. |
| nephralgia | pain in the kidneys |
| pyuria | pus in the urine |
| hematuria | blood in the urine |
| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the glomerular membrane in the nephrons, causing it to become leaky. |
| proteinuria | protein in the urine |
| calculi | stones |
| nephrolothasis | kidney stones |
| ureterolithasis | kidney stones that lodge in the ureters |
| colic | intense throbbing pain |
| extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy | calculi are pulverized using concentrated ultrasound waves directed at the stones using a machine outside of the body |
| percutaneous nephrolithotomy | small incision in the skin opening the kidney. nephroscope inserted to to locate and remove the stone |
| acute tubular necrosis | the tubular portion of the nephron is injured by a decrease in blood supply (ischemic) or after the ingestion of toxic chemicals (nephrotoxic) |
| oliguria | scanty urine production |
| anura | absence of urine |
| bladder neck obstruction (BNO) | blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra |
| cystocele | prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between a woman's bladder and vagina |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| end-stage renal disease | kidney failure |
| enuresis | involuntary discharge of urine |
| fistula | abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another |
| hydronephrosis | abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calcyes of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract |
| interstitial cystitis (IC) | chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy |
| nephrotic syndrome | loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane |
| neurogenic bladder | impairment of bladder control due to brain or nerve conduction |
| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys |
| vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) | disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter |
| Wilms tumor | rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children |
| peritoneal dialysis | type of dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by perfusing (flushing) the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution |
| nephropexy | fixation of a floating or mobile kidney |
| nephrostomy | the passage of a tube through the skin and into the renal pelvis to drain urine to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so |
| urethrotomy | incision of a urethral stricture |
| electromyography (EMG) | measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra |
| culture & sensitivity (C&S) | determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics |
| intravenous pyelography (IVP) | imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium |
| voiding cystourethrography | X-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before, during and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging |
Created by:
Gianna B
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