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Distribution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agents | A business unit that negotiates purchases, sales, or both but does not take title to the goods in which it deals. |
| Channel of Distribution | An organized network (system) of agencies and institutions which, in combination, perform all the functions required to link producers with end customers to accomplish the marketing task |
| Distribution Center | A facility for the receipt, storage, and redistribution of goods to company stores or to customers. It may be operated by retailers, manufacturers, or distribution specialists. |
| E-marketplace | an internet location owned by a company or consortium which allows other companies or individuals to get new suppliers or buyers for their products as well as develop trading networks |
| Exclusive Distribution | A form of market coverage in which a product is distributed through one particular wholesaler or retailer in a given market area. |
| Indirect Distribution | A channel whereby goods and services are sold indirectly from producer through independent middlemen to final users |
| Intensive Distribution | A form of market coverage in which a product is distributed through all available wholesalers or retailers who stock and sell the product in a given market area. |
| Inventory | Goods or merchandise available for resale |
| Inventory Turnover | The number of times average inventory is sold during a specified time period (usually one year) |
| Physical Distribution | A concept or approach to managing the finished goods inventory of the firm. Typically it includes transportation, warehousing, inventory, and order processing functions of the firm. |
| Rack Jobbers | A wholesale middleman operating principally in the food trade, commonly places display racks in retail stores providing an opening inventory on a consignment or on a guaranteed-sale basis, periodically checks the stock, and replenishes inventories |
| Retailers | A merchant middleman who is engaged primarily in selling to ultimate consumers. One retailer may operate a number of establishments |
| Selective Distribution | A form of market coverage in which a product is distributed through a limited number of wholesalers or retailers in a given market area. |
| Wholesalers | A merchant establishment operated by a concern that is primarily engaged in buying, taking title to, usually storing and physically handling goods in large quantities, and reselling the goods to retailers or to industrial or business users. |
| Balance of Trade | the difference in value between a country's imports and exports |
| Embargo | an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country |
| European Union | A political union, often called the EU, to which the member states of the EEC are evolving. Based on the Maastrict Treaty, it envisions the eventual establishment of common economic, foreign, security, and justice policies. |
| Globalization | the tendency of businesses, technologies, or philosophies to spread throughout the world, or the process of making this happen. |
| International Trade | the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories, which could involve the activities of the government and individual |
| North American Free Trade (NAFTA) | is an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico designed to remove tariff barriers between the three countries. |
| Tariff | a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations |
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