U.S. Supreme Court decision that ordered racially segregated public schools to be integrated. It overturned the "separate but equal" ruling Plessy v. Ferguson.
Civil Rights Movement
Movement by African Americans in the 1950's and 1960's, led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., against segregation, discrimination, and inequality.
Great Depression
A major economic crisis that began in the U.S. in 1929 and affected most of the world; it was marked by widespread business failures, bank closures, and high unemployment.
Harlem Renaissance
The flourishing literary, musical, and artistic expression of African Americans in Harlem in the 1920's
immigration
To enter and settle in a country or region to which one is not native.
Industrial Revolution
Beginning in England in the 1750's, brought a basic change in the way goods were produced; instead of making goods at home by hand, people produced them in factories by machines.
laissez-faire
Hands off. No government intervention in businesses.
League of Nations
An organization set up by the Versailles Treaty to discourage aggression and prevent future wars. It was not successful because the US did not join and it had no army to depend on.
Marshall Plan
U.S. economic assistance given to rebuild the economies of Western Europe after World War II.
McCarthyism
The widespread suspicion of subversive Communism in America in the 1950's led by Senator Joseph McCarthy.
monopoly
One company completely dominates the market.
Pearl Harbor
Japanese attack on the U.S. which sparked America's involvement in WWII.
Populism
Called for restrictions on railroad companies, an 8-hour workday, a progressive income tax, and the direct election of U.S. Senators.
Progressivism
A Political movement of the early 1900's which sought to correct abuses of industrialization and to reform government.
Red Scare
The fear of Communism in America in the 1920's leading to the arrest and deportation of radicals and foreigners.
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty with Germany ending World War I. The treaty was noted for its harsh treatment of Germany and creation of the League of Nations.
urbanization
The movement of large numbers of people from rural areas to cities, primarily in search of jobs.
Jim Crow laws
A system of laws in Southern states during the late 1800's that segregated African Americans and forced them to use separate, inferior facilities.
National Organization for Women (NOW)
Formed in 1966 to represent the views of women and to fight against gender discrimination.
Federal Reserve System
Government agency that oversees the nation's money supply.
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote.
26th Amendment
Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Ruled that separate but equal was allowed.
University of California v. Bakke
Ruled that universities could not use racial quotas for admission, but could take race into account as a factor for admission.
libel
A false publication, as in writing, print, signs, or pictures, that damages a person's reputation.
slander
A false and malicious statement or report about someone.
women's suffrage movement
Movement for woman to gain the right to vote.
Truman Doctrine
The Cold War policy in which President Truman pledged to give assistance to all free people resisting Communism.
Biology Lab Midterm
