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Keitha's Study Guide
5th Mod Week 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Classes of medication that affect the immune system | Days for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, TB, and Malaria. |
| What are antibodies(Immunoglobulins)? | Proteins that specifically seek and bind to the surface of pathogens/antigens. |
| What are antigens? | Specific molecules that trigger an immune response. |
| What are pathogens? | A disease causing organisms. |
| List the 4 basic types of microorganisms. | Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites |
| What does each one do? | Bacteria: single cell organisms with cell wall and cellular organells that allows them to live independtly in the environment.Viruses: tiny genetic parasites that require the host cell to replicate and spreaFungi: Nonphotosynthetic, eukoryotic single |
| Name the three main routes of pathogens transmission. | Ingestion, Inhalation, and Physical contact. |
| How are sexually transmitted disease transmitted? | Through physical contact. |
| What is the most common form of transmission of pathogens? | "Unwashed Hands", the #1 method for preventing and for PT to prevent from pathogens contaminating a drug is by washing their hands. |
| What is anti-infective? | A general term under which various types of drugs are subclassified. |
| What are antibacterials? | A way to treat anti-infective bacteria |
| What are antivirals? | A way to treat anti-infective viruses |
| What are antifungals? | A way to treat andi-infective fungi |
| What are anti-microbial? | Another name for anti-infective and means against the growth of a microorganisms or microbe. |
| Major types of antibodies by Drug Class: | Sulfa drugs, penicillin(PCN's), cephalosporin, aminoglycosides, Tetracycline(TCN's), Macrolides, and synthetic antibacterial agents such as ntirofurontin and the quinolones. |
| What do Penicillins do? | They are divided into 4 groups and then again in 4 generations. |
| Name the peniciliins: | Natural PCN's, penicillinase-resistant PCN's, aminopenicillins, and extended spectrum pcn's. |
| Name the allergies to PCN: | Rash or GI disturbance,anaphylactic shock(epinephrine must be administered within 5-20 min. or the person may die.) |
| Examples of PCN: | 1st generation-natural PCN-penicillin G benzathine(Bicillin)penicillinase-resistant PCN-methocillin(staphcillin) |
| 2nd Generation-Aminopenicillins-ampicillin(Ominiphen) Extended spectrum penicillins | |
| 3rd Generation-ticarcillin(Ticar)4th Generation-piperacillin(Pipracil) | |
| What is cephalosporins? | Chencial couisin to PCN. If pts. have a reaction to PCN most likely they will have one to cephalosporins. |
| Name the 4 generations cephalosporins are divided into. | 1st Generation-Cephalexin(keflex)2nd Generation-Cefaclor(ceclor)3rd and 4th Generation-Cefdinir(amnicef) |
| What are tetracyclines? | TCN are used as systemic agents against acne, bacteria, protazoans, antireheumatic agents, lyme disease, and malaria. |
| Examples of tetracyclines: | Minocyline(Minoxin)Oxytetracycline(Terramycin) |
| What are macrolides? | mainly bacteriostatic |
| Examples of macrolides: | Ozithromycin(Zithromax)Clarithromycin(Biaxin) |
| What are aminoglycosides? | Potent bactericidal antibiotic and known as OTOTOXIC Drugs which can cause permanent hearing loss. |
| What infections do they treat? | The abdomen and UT,endocarditis and bacteremia(given IV only for systemic and topically for ocular infections) |
| Examples of aminoglycosides: | Gentamicin(garamycin)Tobramycin(Nebcin)Amikacin(Amikin) |
| What are florquinolones? | Quinolones-are bactericidal and are used to treat severe infections of the bone and joint, skin, UT, serious ear infection, bronchitis,pneumoia, TB, inflammation of the prostate and some STD'S. |
| Examples of florquinolones: | Ciproflaxacin(Cipro)Ofloxacin(Floxin) |
| What are sulfonamides? | Antibiotics that contain sulfur and are used to treat UTI, bronchitis, middle ear infection, travelers diarrhea and for PCP(Pneumocytis Carini Pneumonia)-AIDS related pneumonia |
| Examples of sulfanmides: | Sulfisoxazole(gantisin)SulfamethoxazoleTrimethoprim(Septra,bactrim)(SMZ-TMP) |
| How are antifungals classified? | By drugs for sustematic mycosesOral drugs for mucocutaneous infectionsTopical drug for mucocutaneous infections |
| What is mycosis(mycoses)? | A condition in which fungi pass the resistance barriers of the human or animal body and establish infections. |
| What is mucocutaneous zone and where do they occur? | A region of skin composing both mucosa and cutaneous skin; near the oonfices of the body at which the external skin stops and the mucosa that covers the inside of the body starts. |
| List the major drugs for the treatment of systemic mycuses and what is it used for? | Amphotencin B (Ampholin) given IVGriseofulvin(Fulvicin, Grifulvin V) given P.O.Nystatin(Mycostatin) given P.O.Fluconazole(Diflucan) given P.O. or IV; Local candida albicans(yeast infection) of the skin and mucous membrane. |
| Name some topical antifungal drugs: | Amphotercin B (fungizone)Ciclopiox Penlac, Loprix)Clortrimazole(Lotrimin) |
| What are antiviral agents? | Viruses that causes death and disease worldwide and have limited drugs avaiable to treat this virus. |
| Name the antivirals that have been successful in the U.S. that are prevented by vaccines. | Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella(chicken pox), small pox and rabies. |
| Examples of antivirals: | Aevclovirr(Zovirax)Amantadine(Symmetrol)Gancyclovir(Cylovene) |
| What does HAART mean? | Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy is when several antiretrovival drugs, 3 or 4, are taken in combination "HIV/AIDS Cocktail" |
Created by:
santhony
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