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general anesthetics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Propofol | Rapid onset, short duration hypnosis/no analgesia/ minimal nausea and vomiting/ may cause hypotension |
Etomidate | nonbarbituate anesthetic/no analgesic effect/side effects include myoclonus, suppression of adrenal function and postoperative nausea and vomiting |
Opiods | Fentanyl, alfentanil,sufentanil |
opiods | reduce pain/ used for general anesthesia when circulatory stability is important |
Benzodiazepines, intermediate acting barbituates | diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, pentobarbital |
thiopental | used to induce or supplement sedtion hypnosis/rapid onset, shortduration/respiratory depression |
Potential adverse effects of inhalation anesthetics | incresed risk of spontaneous abortion/ increased cerebral bloodflow/ malignant hyperthermia |
desflurane | often used for ambulatory surgery, decrease peripheral vascular resistance |
isoflurane | rapid induction and emergence/ good analgesic and sedative/pungent, irritating/ cardiovascular system depressant |
Enflurane | rapid induction and recovery/ good analgesic, muscle relaxant, hypnosis/ pungent/cardiovascular depressant |
Halothane | fair analgesic and skeletal muscle relaxant, excellent hypnotic/ rapid induction/ cardiovascular depression, unpredictable epatotoxicity/ sensitizes heart to catecholamines, producing extrasystole and arrythmias |
Nitrous oxide | good anestheticand analgesic no muscle relaxant properties |
oil case partition coefficient | measures solubility of anesthetic in tissue/ higher coefficient the more potent |
minimum alveolar concentration | concentration that result sin immobility in 50% of patients when exposed to noxious stimuli |
commonly used inhaled anesthetics | nitrous oxide, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane,sevoflurane |
stage I | analgesia, amnesia |
stage II | loss of conciousness |
stage III | surgical anesthesia Loss of eyelash reflex |
plane I | pupils constricted, intercostal muscles for ventilation |
pane II | mid dilated pupils, mixed ventilation |
palne III | absence of corneal reflex, diaphragmatic ventilation |
plane IV | max. pupilary dilation, apnea circulatory depression |
stageIV | medulary paralysis |