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2AX5X Vol. 2
Self Test Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1.What instrument measures the weight of air? (201) | Mercurial barometer. |
| 2.What is the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level measured in inches of mercury? In psi?(201) | 14.7 pounds, and 29.92 inches. |
| 3.What are the two temperature scales that are commonly used? (201) | Fahrenheit and Celsius |
| 4.If two aircraft are flying with the same horsepower but at different altitudes, why does the aircraft flying at a higher altitude fly faster than the aircraft flying at a lower altitude? (201) | Because at the higher altitude, the air is less dense therefore causing less drag on the aircraft. |
| 1. What is the term for the curve of the surface of an airfoil from the leading edge to the trailing (202) edge? | Camber. |
| 2. What aerodynamic forces affect aircraft in flight? (202) | Lift, weight, thrust, and drag. |
| 3. How does drag act in relation to relative wind? (202) | Parallel. |
| 4. Define AOA. (202) | The angle between the mean chord line of an airfoil and the aircraft flight path. |
| 1. How are airframe components joined? (203) | By rivets, bolts, screws, welds, or adhesives. |
| 2. What are the five stresses to which airframes are subjected?(203) | Tension, compression, torsion, shear, and bending. |
| 3. Which fuselage design does not use formers, frame assemblies, or bulkheads to give shape to the fuselage? (203) | The monocoque design. |
| 4. What internal wing components serve as an attachment point for the skin? (203) | The ribs and stringers. |
| 5. What type of material is usually used for construction of flight control surfaces? (203) | Aluminum alloy. |
| 6. What is used to round out the angle formed between the fixed tail surfaces and the fuselage? (203) | Fairing. |
| 7. What structural unit provides a smooth airflow around and into the engine inlet? (203) | Engine nacelles. |
| 8. What component controls airflow around the weapons to reduce turbulence in the bay on some bomber aircraft? (203) | Bay spoilers or air spoilers. |
| 9. How do doors differ from panels? (203) | Doors are hinged. |
| 10. Most transparent structures on an aircraft, such as canopies, windshields, and windows, are made of what two materials? (203) | Transparent plastics or safety glass. |
| 11. How do paint removers and stripping compounds affect the plastic facings of a radome? (203) | It may adversely affect its electrical properties or strength. |
| 12. How are fuselage station numbers measured? (203) | In inches from the reference datum or zero point on or near the aircraft nose. |
| 1. What are the three axes that an aircraft operates around? (204) | Longitudinal, lateral, and vertical. |
| 2. What are the lateral control surfaces of the aircraft? (204) | Ailerons, spoilers/speed brakes, and wing flaps. |
| 3. What controls all directional movements of aircraft? (204) | Primary flight controls. |
| 4. What primary flight control guides the aircraft about the vertical axis? (204) | Rudder. |
| 5. Which type of stabilator has both sides connected together so that when one side moves the other side must move in the same direction and amount? (204) | Solid type. |
| 6. What is an elevon? (204) | It is a combination of an aileron and an elevator. |
| 7. What are five types of wing flaps? (204) | Plain, split, fowler, slotted, and leading-edge slats or flaps. |
| 8. What is the difference between leading-edge flaps and wing slats? (204) | If the leading edge operates in conjunction with the trailing edge flaps, then you have leading-edge flaps. If they operate independently of the flaps, they are called slats. |
| 9. What is the purpose of speed brakes? (204) | Increase drag to slow the aircraft and/or reduce landing distance. |
| 10. List the three types of trim systems. (204) | Roll, pitch, and yaw. |
| 11. Which type of flight control system reduces the need for long cables, turnbuckles, quick disconnects, push-pull rods, and the associated flight control hardware? (204) | Fly-by-wire. |
| 12. What are the two major parts of the AFCS? (204) | Stability augmentation system and the A/P system. |
| 13. What system is used to make bomber aircraft stable for launching weapons? (204) | Stability augmentation |
| 14. What auto pilot system mode automatically maintains aircraft speed? (204) | Mach hold. |
| 1. Define electricity. (205) | A class of physical phenomena arising from the existence and interactions of electric charges. |
| 2. Of what particles are atoms composed? (205) | Neutrons, protons, and electrons. |
| 3. List four examples of insulators. (205) | Wood, rubber, plastic, and glass. |
| 4. List four examples of conductors. (205) | Platinum, gold, copper, and silver. |
| 5. Where do you normally use semiconductors? (205) | In solid-state devices. |
| 6. What is EMF? (205) | Electromotive force: the electrical pressure that causes electrons to flow through the conductor. |
| 7. Define electrical current. (205) | The movement of electrons through a conductor. |
| 8. What factors affect the amount of resistance in a conductor? (205) | The type of material used, temperature, size. |
| 9. What unit of measurement is used to express electrical power? (205) | Watts. |
| 1. What is a simple definition of magnetism? (206) | The ability of a substance to attract. |
| 2. How are artificial magnets classified? (206) | Permanent or temporary. |
| 3. What is permeability? (206) | The ease of ability to conduct magnetic lines of force. |
| 4. What is residual magnetism? (206) | The amount of magnetism that remains in a temporary magnet. |
| 5. How is magnetism induced in magnetic material? (206) | Place in a magnetic field or bring it into contact with another magnet. |
| 6. Can magnetic lines of force be insulated? (206) | No. |
| 7. What are the three most commonly used shapes of magnets? (206) | Bar, ring, and horseshoe. |
| 8. How can a magnet be weakened? (206) | Heating or excessive jarring. |
| 9. Define flux. (206) | A term for magnetic lines of force. |
| 10. How is electromagnetism developed? (206) | By current of electricity. |
| 11. When current flows through a conductor, does a magnetic field exist? (206) | Yes. |
| 12. What must you know to apply the “left hand rule”? (206) | The direction of the current flow. |
| 13. What rule do you use to determine the flux direction of a wire in a loop? (206) | The left-hand rule. |
| 14. How can an electromagnet’s field strength be increased? (206) | By using a few turns of wire carrying a larger current or using many turns of wire carrying a small current. |
| 1. What is the purpose of a conductor? (207) | Provide a path for electrons to flow with minimum resistance. |
| 2. Why are protective devices installed in aircraft electrical systems? (207) | Protect against system overloads and shorts in a circuit. |
| 3. How much time must pass before resetting a trip-free type circuit breaker? (207) | After a cooling–off period of approximately 1 minute. |
| 4. What is the purpose of a current limiter? (207) | Provide protection against fault currents. |
| 5. What is the purpose of a resistor? (207) | Control the amount of current flow in a circuit. |
| 1. Why is alternating current used as the primary electrical power source in aircraft? (208) | Less power is lost during transmission and the elimination of insulation and brushes. |
| 2. What is the unit of measurement for frequency? (208) | Hertz |
| 3. Define phase relationship. 208) | A condition in which two moving objects are changing in, or out, of step. |
| 4. What are the two classifications of AC generation systems? 208) | Variable-frequency and constant-frequency. |
| 5. What frequency is used for AC power generation on aircraft? (208) | 400 hertz. |
| 6. How is voltage induced in a brush-type generator? (208) | DC from an integral exciter generator is passed through windings on the rotor. |
| 7. What are the three generators that make up a brushless AC generator? (208) | A permanent magnet generator, an AC exciter generator, and the main AC generator. |
| 8. What weak point was eliminated by the design of a brushless-type generator? (208) | Arcing (which more easily occurs in rarefied air). |
| 9. What are the two main components of an AC generator? (208) | Rotor assembly and stator. |
| 10. What three components make up the stator? (208) | PMG armature, exciter field, and main armature windings. |
| 11. What are the two functions of the CSD governor system? (208) | To control the drive output speed and equalize the load between generators operating in parallel. |
| 12. If CSD output rotation drives the generator below 365 Hz, what component removes the generator from the bus? (208) | Underspeed switch. |
| 13. If the CSD temperature rises to an overheat condition, what should be done to prevent further damage? (208) | Disconnect the CSD. |
| 14. What is installed on most IDGs to provide for easier installation and removal? (208) | A quick attach-detach clamp. |
| 15. What are the typical functions of a GCU? (208) | Voltage regulation, frequency and load control, real and reactive load division, over/underexcitation protection, over/underfrequency protection, open phase protection, reverse power protection, differential current protection, engine underspeed protect |
| 16. How is voltage regulation and current limiting accomplished in the GCU? (208) | By varying the generator excitation field. |
| 17. How does the frequency and load controller for each generator system regulate the frequency of the generator CSD? (208) | By controlling the magnetic trim head governor on the CSD. |
| 1. What are the internal components of a battery? (209) | Plates, separators, and electrolyte. |
| 2. What are the primary causes of premature failure of a lead-acid battery? (209) | Abuse, overcharge, low solution, undercharge, and mountings. |
| 3. What is the fundamental unit of the nickel-cadmium battery? (209) | The cell. |
| 4. How are nickel-cadmium cells constructed? (209) | By inserting positive and negative plates in plastic cases with nylon and cellophane separators. |
| 5. When does a nickel-cadmium battery’s electrolyte reach its maximum level? (209) | When the battery is fully charged. |
| 6. How are motors classified? (209) | By voltage, current used (AC or DC), and methods of motor excitation. |
| 7. How can the direction of rotation for a series motor be changed? (209) | By reversing the current flow in a field winding or reversing current flow in the armature |
| 8. What advantage does the series motor have over other types of motors? (209) | It operates on AC or DC excitation. |
| 9. How is the field winding of a shunt motor connected with the armature? (209) | In parallel. |
| 10. What type of T-R is used to charge a nickel-cadmium battery in many aircraft? (209) | Charging T-R. |
| 11. What is another name for a T-R? (209) | Converter. |
| 1. Define matter. (210) | Any substance that occupies space and has weight. |
| 2. Since liquids and gases have many properties in common, how are they frequently classified? (210) | As fluids. |
| 3. All matter is made up of what? (210) | Molecules |
| 4. Which matter has the property of resisting changes in shape when a force is applied? (210) | Solid. |
| 5. When sufficient force to a solid causes distortion, the solid is said to have exceeded what? (210) | Its elastic limit. |
| 6. Which factors affect the amount of expansion and contraction of a solid? (210) | The amount of temperature change and the expansion characteristics of the solid. |
| 7. What are the most outstanding characteristics of a liquid? (210) | Its ability to conform to the shape of its containing vessel and that it has a free surface. |
| 8. For a liquid to transmit a pushing force, what condition must exist first? (210) | It must be completely enclosed in a container. |
| 9. What would cause a cylinder of air to increase in pressure when placed in the sun? (210) | The air (gas) expands as its temperature increases, and since it is confined by the cylinder, its pressure will increase. |
| 10. What is one of the main differences in the characteristics of gases when compared to liquids? (210) | Gases are compressible while liquids are not. |
| 11.1) A measure of quantity. (210) | e. Volume. |
| 11.2) The amount of force acting on a unit of area. (210) | c. Pressure. |
| 11.3) A substance that is a liquid or a gas. (210) | d. Fluid. |
| 11.4)The amount of distance an object moves. (210) | f. Stroke. |
| 11.5) The measurement of a surface. (210) | a. Area. |
| 11.6) The amount of push or pull exerted on an object. (210) | b. Force. |
| 11.7) The movement of a fluid caused by pressure difference. (210) | g. Flow. |
| 11.8) Expressed in inches. (210) | f. Stroke. |
| 11.9) Expressed in pounds. (210) | b. Force. |
| 11.10) Expressed in psi. (210) | c. Pressure. |
| 11.11) Expressed in square inches. (210) | a. Area. |
| 11.12) Expressed in cubic inches. (210) | e. Volume. |
| 12. State the basic principle of Pascal’s Law. (210) | When a fluid is confined and force is applied, this force (pressure) is transmitted equally to all points in the system. |
| 13. Under what conditions does Pascal’s Law not apply to fluids? (210) | Pascal’s Law does not apply to fluids in motion. |
| 14. State the basic principle of Boyle’s Law. (210) | If the pressure on a confined gas varies, its volume will vary inversely in the same proportion as long as the temperature does not change. |
| 15. Using Charles’s Law, explain the effect of heating a gas in a cylinder that has a movable piston. (210) | Heating a confined gas will cause an expansion (volume increase) in direct proportion to its temperature change, thus causing the piston to move. |
| 16. What is another name for the Boyle’s–Charles’s law? (210) | General Gas Law. |
| 25. What is the mechanical advantage ratio if a 60-pound force is used to raise a 240-pound weight? (211) | 4:1. |
| 26. What is the mechanical advantage ratio if a 3-pound force is used to raise 99 pounds? (211) | 33:1. |
| 27. A 150-pound weight is placed on a 10-square-inch piston and is then lifted by a force applied to a 2-square-inch piston. What force is required on the small piston, and what is the mechanical advantage? (211) | 30 pounds of force, 5:1. |
| 28. A 20-pound force on a 3-square-inch piston can lift how much weight on a 12-square-inch piston? What is the mechanical advantage? (211) | 80 pounds weight, 4:1. |
| 29. What is the pressure (psi) on a surface 12 square inches in area and supporting a weight of 216 pounds? (211) | 18 psi. |
| 30. How far will an 8-square-inch piston move if a 2-square-inch piston moves 8 inches? (211) | 2 inches. |
| 31. What characteristic of a fluid determines its resistance to flow? (211) | Viscosity |
| 32. What effect does an orifice have on fluid-flow when compared to a venturi? (211) | An orifice will cause more turbulence and thus more energy loss than a venturi because it is not streamlined. |
| 33. How can resistance to flow be reduced? (211) | By streamlining the flow. |
| 34. What pressure difference can be observed during fluid-flow through a venturi? (211) | There is a pressure drop at the narrow opening (throat) of a venturi as the rate of flow of the fluid increases at this point. The pressure will increase again after passing through the throat. |
| 1. How much fluid should a reservoir hold? (212) | Enough fluid to supply the normal operating needs of the system, along with an additional amount to replace fluid lost through minor leakage. |
| 2. Why do nonpressurized reservoirs have space above the fluid? | To allow the fluid to purge itself of air bubbles that are picked up from the system. |
| 3. What prevents foreign material from entering the reservoir during servicing? | A wire screen. |
| 4. What are the two main reasons for pressurizing a reservoir? | First, it stops the fluid from foaming at high altitudes; second, it ensures a positive supply of fluid to the pumps. |
| 5. How do you service a pressurized hydraulic reservoir with fluid? | Use a portable servicing cart. |
| 6. What unit in the pressurized hydraulic reservoir pressurizes the hydraulic fluid to 5 psi? | A piston spring. |
| 7. To service or perform maintenance on an air-pressurized reservoir, what is the first thing you must do? | Depressurize the reservoir. |
| 8. Name three functions of the air-pressurized reservoir pressure regulator. | It regulates the pressure to the reservoir, acts like a relief valve, and has a differential valve to allow equalization of pressures between outside air and air inside the reservoir. |
| 9. How are pumps classified? | By their displacement (volume) output. |
| 10. What two purposes does the hand pump serve? | It can be used as an emergency source of pressure or as an auxiliary source of pressure for ground-checking the operation of the system units. |
| 11. When the hand pump handle is on the retraction stroke, which check valve is closed? | The inlet check valve. |
| 12. What indicates that either check valve inside the hand pump has malfunctioned? | The hand pump will become completely inoperative. |
| 13. If a third check valve is installed, what could be the problem if fluid is only sent into the system on the extension stroke? | The inlet check valve is malfunctioning. |
| 14. What is a drawback of a constant-volume pump? | As long as the pump rotates, the fluid-flow it produces will eventually build up pressure high enough in the confined area to burst the lines and container. |
| 15. What is the thinned portion on the drive shaft of a gear-type pump called? | Shear section. |
| 16. On a vane-type pump, what keeps the vanes against the housing wall? | Springs. |
| 17. In the constant-volume piston pump, what drives the cylinder block? | Universal link. |
| 18. Why does a constant-volume piston pump always have a constant intake and output of fluid? | There are always pistons somewhere between the upper and lower position. |
| 19. What does the suction boost pump do for engine-driven pumps? | Ensures the engine pumps get an adequate supply of fluid. |
| 20. What regulates pressure in a variable-volume pump? | An integral flow control valve (compensator). |
| 21. What is the main difference between a Vickers stroke-reduction pump and a constant-volume pump? | The angle between the drive shaft and the cylinder block. |
| 22. What position is the Vickers pump’s cylinder block and yoke in when the system is at 0 psi? | The extreme angle position, full flow. |
| 23. Do the pistons have a stroke when the Vickers pump reaches the zero flow point? | No. |
| 24. What are the two major component groups of the Kellogg pump? | The rotating group and the pressure-compensating group. |
| 25. What determines the length of the Kellogg pump’s piston stroke? | The angle setting of the cam plate. |
| 26. What is the purpose of the creep plates in Stratopower pumps? | Cooler operation. |
| 27. Describe the pistons of the Stratopower pump. | The pistons have fairly large hollow centers connected with cross-drilled holes. |
| 28. Which way would you turn the adjusting screw on the Stratopower pump to increase pressure? | Clockwise. |
| 29. What is the purpose of a hydraulic motor? | To convert hydraulic pressure into rotary mechanical motion. |
| 30. What can be used to control the speed of a hydraulic motor? | Flow control valve. |
| 31. Explain the principle of a jackscrew. | The screw remains stationary and the nut turns. |
Created by:
Aaron_Fahr
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