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6th Standards Review

6th grade standards review

Term	Definition
Capital Goods	The property (buildings, machinery, etc.) and technology that represent the chief investments of a person or business.
Command Economy	An economic system in which what is produced, how it is produced, and for whom it is produced is determined by the government.
Currency Exchange	A business that allows individuals or groups to exchange the currency of one country for that of another. The exchange of currencies is necessary in a world where trade takes place between nations with different monetary systems.
Embargo	An official ban, usually on trade with another country. Sometimes the ban is on specific goods.
Entrepreneurship	The process of starting an organization or business. The economies of many countries are supported by small businesses begun by entrepreneurs.
Human Capital	The human knowledge, creativity, and habits that contribute to an economy. (training, education, healthcare)
Market Economy	A system in which what is produced, how it is produced, and for whom it is produced is based on supply and demand. Producers set the prices for their goods based on what individuals are willing to pay.
Mixed Economy	An economy that is part market economy and part command economy. Most countries have this type of economy.
Natural Resources	Land, water, forest, and minerals found in nature. "Gifts of Nature" These contribute to the wealth of a country.
USMCA (formerly NAFTA)	A trade agreement between Canada, the United States, and Mexico that eliminates most tariffs and trade restrictions on goods and services traded among the countries.
Quota	A limit set on the production of a product.They can be set by governments or industry groups, such as OPEC. The purpose is usually to protect domestic production and control the price of a product.
Specialization	The focusing of a business or a country on the production of one or a relatively small number of products or services.
Tariff	A tax or fee that must be paid on a specific import or export.
Traditional Economy	An economic system in which what is produced, how it is produced, anf for whom it is produced is based on the traditions, beliefs, and customs of society.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)	The total market value of the goods and services produced by a country's economy during a specific year.
The Alps	A European mountain range that runs from the French Mediterranean region through the countries of France, Switzerland, and Italy. The range also reaches into Austria, Slovenia, and Croatia.
Autocracy	A system in which all of the power is held by one person.
Belgium	A Western European country bordered by the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, France, and the North Sea.
Cold War	Named for the military and political rivalry that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union. (1945-1990) Ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Danube River	The second longest river in Europe. It runs through 10 countries, including Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, and Hungary.
Democracy	A system of government in which nation's citizens vote for their leaders.
English Channel	The part of the Atlantic Ocean that separates northern France from southern England.
European Plain	A plain that stretches from the Pyrenees Mountains on the Spanish-French border to the Ural Mountains in Russia.
European Union	An economic and political partnership among a group of European countries that share a single currency (the Euro).
Federal System	A government system in which individual states share authority with a central government. (EX: Germany and the US)
France	A country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy, Spain, Germany, and Switzerland. It also has coasts on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
Germany	A country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Austria, Belgium, France, Denmark, Poland, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. Moderate climate. Major producer of coal, lumber, and raw minerals.
Holocaust	The murder of Jewish men, women, and children committed by Germany's Nazis during World War II. Six million jews lost their lives along with tens of thousands of other persecuted groups.
Iberian Peninsula	The peninsula located in southwestern Europe, stretching into the Atlantic Ocean. It is where Spain and Portugal are located.
Italy	A country in Western Europe. It is a peninsula bordered by the Mediterranean Sea and shares its northern border with France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia. Climate is harsh in the north and mild in the rest of the country. Few natural resources.
Literacy Rate	The amount of people in a country who can read and write over the age of 15.
Mediterranean Sea	The body of water located between Western Europe and Northern Africa.
Monotheism	A belief in a single God.
Parliamentary Democracy	A form of government in which voters choose representatives to a governing body called parliament. Parliament then chooses the leader. (Ex: Great Britain, Canada, Australia)
Poland	A country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Russia, Ukraine, Slovakia, Lithuania, Belarus, the Czech Republic, and Germany with the Baltic Sea to its north.
President	The leader of a federal government, elected by a nation's citizens. It can also be the leader of a unitary or centralized government.
Prime Minister	The leader of a parliamentary government. This leader is chosen by the members of parliament (who is elected by citizens).
Pyrenees Mountains	A mountain range that marks most of the Spanish-French border.
Rhine River	A river located in Central and Western Europe. It begins in Switzerland and flows west, where it empties into the North Sea.
Scandinavian Peninsula	A peninsula located in Northern Europe, containing Norway,Sweden, and part of Finland.
Spain	A country in Southwestern Europe. It is located on the Iberian Peninsula, bordered by France to the north and Portugal to the west.
Superpower	A powerful and influential nation. At various times, the term has been applied to the United States and the Soviet Union.
Ukraine	A country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia, Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova, with the Black Sea to its south.
United Kingdom	A country in Western Europe made up of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. It is an island nation separated from the continent by the English Channel. Mostly temperate climate with lost of rain.
Ural Mountains	A mountain range in Western Russia. It runs north and south, forming a natural boundary between Europe and Asia.
Amazon River	The world's largest river in terms of volume, located in South America.
Andes Mountains	A mountain range in western South America. It stretches from Venezuela all the way down to Chile.
Atacama Desert	A plateau in western South America, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes Mountains. It is considered the driest desert in the world.
Brazil	The largest country in South America. It contains tropical and temperate zones, with timber forests and a large amount of minerals at hand.
Nazism	The beliefs and practices of the Nazi political party. The belief that Germans were superior to other ethnic groups.
Russian Revolution	A series of revolutions in Russia in 1917 that ended the Russian Empire and sparked the rise of the Soviet Union, along with its Communist system of governance. Czar Nicholas II was overthrown by Vladimir Lenin.
Treaty of Versailles	A peace treaty signed at the end of the World War I that ended hostilities between the Allied Powers and Germany. It was signed June 28, 1919
World War I	A war that lasted from 1914-1918. It was the largest, most expensive, and deadliest war ever seen on Earth up until that time. Most of the world's major powers took part.
Caribbean Sea	It is a sea located east of southern and Central America and north of South America.
Cuba	An island country located in the Caribbean Sea, south of the tip of Florida. Climate is tropical, and its natural resources include cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, salt, and petroleum.
Cuban Revolution	A revolution that lasted from 1956-1959. It was led by Fidel Castro against the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista.
Dictatorship	A system in which the government is controlled by a single person known as a dictator. (Ex: Cuba)
Gulf of Mexico	An Atlantic Ocean region located east of Mexico and south of the United States.
Latin America	The countries in the area connecting North and South America. people her speak mostly Spanish, Portuguese, or French. In addition to the native languages, English is also spoken.
Mexico	A nation bordered by the US to its north. Its climate varies between temperate and tropical, and its natural resources include petroleum, silver, copper, and gold.
Pacific Ocean	The largest ocean on Earth. It is bordered by the Arctic ocean to the north, the Southern Ocean to the south, Asia and Australia to the west, and North and South America to the east.
Panama	It is the southernmost nation of North America and is known for the Panama Canal, a man-made water way that connects the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean.
Sierra Madre Mountains	A Mexican mountain system approximately 1,500 miles in length.
Columbian Exchange	A period of exchange between the Old and New Worlds. These exchanges included ideas, knowledge, food, animals, people, and diseases. Slavery was introduced as well as the protestant religion and languages.
Slavery	A situation in which one person is the property of another. The Columbian Exchange brought this to the New World. (mostly from Africa)
Spain and Portugal	These two countries conquered parts of Latin America, their languages became dominant, and Christianity, mostly Catholicism, replaced or blended with native religions.
Constitutional Monarchy	A system of government in which a king or queen acts as the head of state, while laws are enacted by a parliament elected by voters. (Ex:Canada)
France and England	Canada was originally made up of colonies from these two countries. As a result, the majority of the provinces within the nation speak English, while Quebec speaks French. Also, Christianity was established as their main religion.
Quebec	A province located in the east-central part of Canada. Predominantly French-speaking, it has sought independence from Canada at several points to preserve its cultural heritage.
Acid Rain	Rainfall made toxic by air pollution. It is a result of waste gases from the burning of fossil fuels. (Canada and Germany suffer from this environmental issue)
Atlantic Ocean	The second largest ocean in the world. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Antarctic in the south. It is located between North and South America and Europe.
Canada	A large country located North of the US. Its economy is largely based in natural resources such as timber, minerals, and oil. Most people live in the southern part because the northern climate is arctic.
Canadian Shield	A large region in central and northern Canada where a thin layer of topsoil covers a bed of rock. The area is rich in natural resources, particularly minerals. Mining makes up a large part of the area's economy though extraction causes pollution.
Great Lakes	A series of fresh water lakes along the border of the United States and Canada. Factories situated along the lakes were not regulated, and run off from pesticides and fertilizer has contributed to their pollution.
Hudson Bay	A large inland sea located in northeastern Canada.
Rocky Mountains	The largest and longest mountain chain in North America, extending from Alaska, through Canada, and into New Mexico in the southern U.S.
St. Lawrence River	A river that flows from Lake Ontario in Canada, along the boundary between Ontario and New York State.
Timber Resources	One of Canada's largest exports. This industry employs over 200,000 people.
Aborigines	The original inhabitants of Australia. They are believed to have descended from Europeans and Asians who migrated south between 62,000 and 75,000 years ago. They maintain spiritual beliefs that are closely associated with nature and oral tradition.
Voluntary Trade	An economic market in which individuals and businesses are allowed to buy from and sell to whom they choose. A benefit of such an exchanges is that most parties gain something they want from it.
Credit	The ability of a consumer to obtain a good or service with the payment to come in the future.
Income	Money earned through work or investment.
Investing	Placing money in a venture with the expectation that it will earn more money in the future, though the possibility always exists that it will be lost.
Saving	Setting aside money so that it will accumulate and/or earn interest.
Spending	Giving money to a producer in order to obtain a good or service.

Created by: jcaine

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