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Rocks and Minerals
Term | Definition |
---|---|
mineral | natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition |
rock | solid mixture of one or more minerals and possibly organic matter |
sedimentary rock | forms from compacted, cemented layers of sediment, where fossils are found |
igneous rock | when magma cools and solidifies |
metamorphic rock | forms from other rocks - extreme heat, pressure and chemical processes |
crystal | solid, geometric form from a repeating pattern of atoms and molecules |
color | the same mineral can have different colors and different minerals can have same colors |
streak | the color of a powdered form of a mineral |
luster | how light reflects off a surface |
cleavage | the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes that make flat surfaces |
hardness | a mineral's resistence to being scratched |
mohs scale | used to rate the hardness of rocks talc being a 1 and diamond being a 10 |
compaction | the process that smooshes sediments and organic matter together |
cementation | the sticking together of sediment and minerals with crystallized materials |
weathering | rain, ice freezing, tree roots breaking into, and acid breaking rocks apart |
erosion | moving water taking sediment to new location |
deposition | sediment and other material being transported by erosion and put down into a new location |