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Unit 4 AP Biology
Evolution
Question | Answer | Question | Answer | Question | Answer | Question | Answer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The original source of all genetic variation is | Mutation | In evolutionary terms, an organisms fitness is measured by its | Contribution to the gene pool of the next generation | Generation to generation change in the allele frequencies in a population is called | Microevolution | Genetic drift is a process based on | The role of chance |
A mutation occurs when | There is a change in the DNA sequence of a gene | Homologous pairs of chromosomes are lined up independently of other such pairs during | Metaphase I | True or false, Populations are the units of evolution | True | Members of the same population | Share a common gene pool |
What is the term that means a group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area | Population | Sexual recombination occurs when chromosomes are shuffled in _____ and fertilization | Meiosis | Stabilizing selection favors what | Intermediate variants in a population | Natural selection primarily acts on | Phenotype |
The ultimate source of all genetic variation is | Mutation | To be successful in evolutionary terms, an organism must do what | Pass its genes on to the next generation | What is the first step in allopatric speciation | Geographic isolation | Two animals are considered members of different species if they | Cannot interbreed |
Sympatric speciation is | The appearance of a new species in the same area as the parent population | What is rapid speciation under conditions in which there is little competition | Adaptive radiation | What accounts for human infants having large heads on small bodies | Allometric growth | What is a species | A population that interbreeds and produces fertile offspring |
What condition is necessary for speciation to occur | Reproductive isolation | Each species has a closed gene pool because | Each species is reproductively isolated | The biological species concept cannot be applied to organisms that | Reproduce only asexually | What reproductive barriers actually prevent individuals of different species from mating with each other | Behavioral isolation |
In which group has sympatric speciation been most important | Plants | How can a new species arise in a single generation | If a change in chromosome number creates a reproductive barrier | The oldest fossils usually | Are found in the deepest strata | What is Pangaea | A land mass that broke up to form the present-day continents |
The phenomenon that different species that occupy similar niches in isolated areas develop morphological similarities is called | Convergent evolution | Classifications of organisms that are based exclusively on the evidence of evolutionary relationships are called | Cladistic classifications | Reptiles first appeared during what era | Paleozoic | Seed plants first appeared during what era | Paleozoic |
The _____ era is the era during which we live | Cenozoic | The first prokaryotic cells appeared during what era | Precambrian | What is the branch of biology called taxonomy primarily concerned with | The classification of life forms by their similarities | Fossils are most likely to be found in | Sedimentary rock |
If you want to see a dinosaur, it would be best to set the controls of your time machine for the | Mesozoic era | The correct order of the geologic eras, from most ancient to most recent are | Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic | A taxon is | is a formal grouping at any given level | Put the following in order, beginning with the most general: class, family, genus, kingdom, order, phylum, species | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
Which mechanism for evolution did Lamarck propose | Evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics | A trait that confers a reproductive advantage on the individual possessing it is called | Adaptation | What do we call the study of fossils | Paleontology | What is the smallest unit that can evolve | Population |
What is the science of classifying organisms | Taxonomy | The breeding of plants and animals by humans is called | Artificial selection | What does natural selection primarily favor | Phenotypes | Traits that enhance an individual's ability to compete for limited resources are called _____. | Adaptations |
In natural selection, __________ determines which phenotypes are successful | The environment | The relationship of genome to organism is the same as ______ to population | Gene pool | What is the term for a change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a population over several generations | Microevolution | The evolutionary effects of genetic drift are greatest when | The population size is small |