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Government Test 2
Chapter 4 Bold Print Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Federalism | The division of power between a central government and regional governments. |
| States' Rights | The idea that all rights not specifically conferred on the national government by the U.S. Constitution are reserved to the states. |
| Cooperative Federalism | A view holding that the Constitution is an agreement among people who are citizens of both state and nation, so there is much overlap between state powers and national powers. (Marble Cake Federalism) |
| Commerce Clause | The third clause of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states. |
| Categorical Grants | Grants - in - aid targeted for a specific purpose by either formula or project. |
| Project Grants | Categorical grants awarded on the basis of competitive applications submitted by prospective recipients to perform a specific task or function. |
| Policy Entrepreneurs | Citizens, members of interest groups, or public officials who champion particular policy ideas. |
| Mandate | A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service, in keeping with minimum national standards. |
| Coercive Federalism | A view holding that the national government may impose its policy preferences on the states through regulations in the form of mandates and restraints. |
| Intergovernmental System | The collection of governments made up of national, state, and local units of government. |
| County Governments | The government units that administer a county. |
| Home Rule | The right to enact and enforce legislation locally. |
| Dual Federalism | A view holding that the Constitution is a compact among sovereign states, so that the powers of the national government and the states are clearly differentiated. (Layer Cake Federalism) |
| Implied Powers | Those powers that Congress needs to execute its enumerated powers. |
| Elastic Clause | The last clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the means to execute its enumerated powers, This clause is the basis for Congress's implied powers. Also called the necessary and proper clause. |
| Grant - In - Aid | Money provided by one level of government to another level of government or sometimes nongovernmental organization, to be spent for a given purpose. |
| Formula Grant | Categorical grants distributed according to a particular set of rules, called a formula,that specifies who is eligible for the grants and how much each eligible applicant will receive. |
| Block Grant | Grants - in -aid awarded for general purposes, allowing the recipient great discretion in spending the grant money. |
| Preemption | The power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes total or partial responsibility for a state government function. |
| Restraint | A requirement prohibiting a state or local government form exercising a certain power. |
| Redistricting | The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions to reflect changes in population. |
| Municipal Governments | The government units that administer a city or town. |
| School Districts | The government units that administer elementary and secondary schools and programs. |
Created by:
beth96
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