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Yellow Module
Respiratory Review
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Describe the nasal cavity | Chamber lined with mucous membranes and tiny cilia |
What are olfactory neurons? | Receptors for the sense of smell |
What happens to CO2 as it enters pulmonary capillaries? | It diffuses from the blood within the pulmonary capillaries and enters alveolar spaces |
What happens to the diaphragm when we breathe? | Contracts during inspiration Relaxes during expiration |
What is external respiration? | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood in pulmonary capillaries |
What is internal respiration? | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between body cells and the blood in systemic capillaries |
What is pulmonary ventilation? | breathing |
Describe the transport of respiratory gases? | When blood transports CO2 to the lungs and O2 to body cells |
What is the respiratory system responsible for? | Exchange of O2 and CO2 |
What are exudates? | Fluid that is usually high in protein and often contains blood and immune cells |
What are transudates? | Non-inflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with slightly less protein |
What are the causes of asthma? | Allergens Irritants Stress Cold exercise |
What are the three major disorders included in COPD? | Asthma Chronic bronchitis Emphysema |
What is emphysema? | Characterized by decreased elasticity of the alveoli |
Cystic fibrosis | A hereditary disease of the exocrine glands affecting the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands |
Rhonchus | Abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation |
Crackle | Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation; also called rale |
Anosmia | Absence of the sense of smell |
Pertussis | Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a “whoop” sound |
Tuberculosis | An infectious disease caused by inhaling viable tubercle bacilli; aka acid-fast bacillus |
Pneumonia | An inflammatory disease of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, disease, chemicals, etc |
Antihistamine | Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues |
Atelectasis | Collapsed or airless state of the lung, may be acute or chronic |
Palatine Tonsils | Collection of lymphatic tissue within the oropharynx |
Asphyxia | Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen |
Pneumoconiosis | Disease caused by inhaling dust particles |
Compliance | Ease with which lung tissue can be stretched |
Pleural Effusion | Excess of fluid in the pleural cavity |
Pneumectomy | Excision of a lung |
Pleurectomy | Excision of part of the pleura |
Viscous | Extremely thick |
Stridor | High-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound |
Thoracic (chest) x-ray | Images of the chest taken from AP, PA and lateral views |
Pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleural membrane |
Mantoux test | Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity |
Measurement of the amount of salt in sweat used to diagnose CF | Sweat test |
Measurement of ventilator ability by assessing lung capacity and flow | Spirometry |
Method of monitoring the percent of Hb saturated with O2 | Oximetry |
Moving or spreading out of a substance at random | Diffuse |
Multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air | Pulmonary function tests |
Nosebleed | Epistaxis |
Nuclear scanning test primarily used to detect pulmonary emboli | Lung scan |
Positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs | Postural drainage |
Relieve or suppress coughing | Antitussive |
Spasms in the bronchial passage | Bronchospasms |
Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax and expand air passages | Bronchodilators |
Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity | Thoracentesis |
Tasteless, colourless, odourless gas produced by body cells during the metabolic process | Carbon dioxide |
Tasteless, odourless, colourless gas essential for human respiration | Oxygen |
Temporary loss of breathing | Apnea |
Test that measures PO2, PCO2, pH, and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample | Arterial blood gases |
Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci | Throat culture |
The innermost layer lying next to the lung | Visceral pleura |
The outermost layer, lining the lung | Parietal pleura |
The process of gently tapping with the fingers to determine position, size or consistency of an underlying structure | Percussion |
The process of listening to body sounds, especially in the chest, with the use of a stethoscope | Auscultation |
The process of providing the body with adequate amounts of oxygen | Oxygenation |
Throat | Pharynx |
Viable | Alive |
Visual examination of the larynx | Laryngoscopy |
Visual examination of the mediastinal structures | Mediastinoscopy |
Voice box | Larynx |
Whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation | Wheeze |
Windpipe | Trachea |
ABG | arterial blood gases |
AFB | acid-fast bacillus |
AP | anteroposterior |
ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
CO2 | carbon dioxide |
COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
CT | computed tomography |
DPI | dry powder inhaler |
DPT | diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus |
FVC | forced vital capacity |
Hb | hemoglobin |
HMD | hyaline membrane disease |
Hx | history |
IRDS | infant respiratory distress syndrome |
MDI | metered-dose inhaler |
NMT | nebulized mist treatment |
O2 | oxygen |
PFT | pulmonary function tests |
PND | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
RDS | respiratory distress syndrome |
SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
SOB | shortness of breath |
T&A | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
TB | tuberculosis |
TPR | temperature pulse respiration |
URI | upper respiratory infection |
VC | vital capacity |