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Module #13 Test
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Vertebrae | segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone |
| Define Rotocord | a rod tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creatures body, providing the majority of its support |
| Define Endoskeleton | a skeleton on the inside of a creature's body, typically composed of bone or cartilage |
| Define Bone Marrow | a soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells |
| Define Axial Skeleton | the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk |
| Define Appendicular Skeleton | the portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it. |
| Define Closed-circulatory System | a circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels |
| Define Arteries | Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| Define Capillaries | tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body |
| Define Veins | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
| Define Alfactory lobes | the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose |
| Define Cerebrum | the lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature's response to that information |
| Define Optic Lobes | the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes |
| Define Cerebellum | the lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement |
| Define Medulla Oblongata | the lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord |
| Define Internal Fertilization | the process by which the male places sperm inside the female's body, where the eggs are fertilized |
| Define External Fertilization | the process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside the female |
| Define Oviparous Development | development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female's body |
| Define Ovoviviparous Development | development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female's body |
| Define Viviparous Development | development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta |
| Define Anadromous | a life cycle in which creatures are hatches in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce. |
| Define Bile | a mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat |
| Define Atrium | a heart chamber that receives blood |
| Define Ventricle | a heart chamber from which blood is pumped out |
| Define Ectothermic | lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat. |
| Define Hibernation | a state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures |
| Assign the following creatures to one of these classifications: Frog, Shark, Lancelet, Carp, Sea Squirt, and Lamprey. | they all go through metamorphosis |
| What is the difference between cartilage and bone? | Cartilage is more flexible and weaker than bone |
| You see a blood vessel from a creature. You have no idea what creature and you have no idea where it came from. You do notice, however, that the blood vessel wall is very thin. What kind of blood vessel is this? | Capillary |
| What do red blood cells do? | They carry oxygen in the blood |
| What protein gives red blood cells their color? | Hemoglobin |
| Frogs and toads are quite uncoordinated. They move their muscles in a very jerky manner. Which brain lobe is small in amphibians? | Cerebellum |
| An owl has very sensitive vision. Which brain lobes are larger in the owl compared to the "average" vertebrate? | Optic Lobes |
| A creature reproduces when the female receives sperm from the male and then lays egg which hatches. Is fertilization internal or external? What kind of development is this? | Internal fertilization; Oviparous development |
| Which has the most inflexible skeleton: a ray, a lamprey, or a salmon? | a salmon |
| What do atlantic salmon and many lampreys have in common? | they are anadromous |
| What is the shark's most sensitive means of finding prey? | their electrical field sensor |
| What function does the lateral line perform in sharks and bony fish? | The lateral line senses vibrations in the water |
| What function do the dorsal fins perform in both sharks and bony fish? | the dorsal fins are used for balance in the water. IN bony fish, the anterior dorsal fin is also a defensive weapon, because it is hard and sharp. |
| What is the major difference between the tail of a ray and the tail of a skate? | rays have slender, whiplike tails and skates have thicker, fleshy tails |
| List six common characteristics of amphibians. | 1. Endoskeleton made mostly of bone 2. Smooth skin with many capillaries and pigments 3. Two pairs of limbs with webbed feet 4.As many as four organs for respiration 5.Three-chambered heart 6.Oviparous with external fertilization |
| What is the difference between a toad and a frog? | Frogs have smooth, wet skin and live near water. Toads have dry, warty skin and don't need to live near water |
| For most amphibians, what is the major respiratory organ? | The major respiratory organ for most amphibians is the skin |
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