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BIOSCI 101 (Lec 1)

Cells and Organelles

QuestionAnswer
Cell Membrane Controls passage of materials into and out of cells
Nucleus Contains hereditary material (DNA), helps regulate cell's activities
Nucleolus Formation of ribosomes
Cytoskeleton Maintains cell shape, anchors organelles, directs traffic, enables cell to move
Vacuoles Storage revervoires, cell support (mainly plants)
Rinosomes Sits of synthesis of proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum Networrk of membranes involved in many cellular activities, particularly protein synthesis
Golgi Complex Modification of proteins, distribution centre
Lysosomes Intracellular digestive activities
Mitochondria Energy production
Chloroplasts Photosynthesis
Cilia and Flagellae External movement of cells or movement of materials along cell surfaces
Prokaryotic cell Simple unicellular organism which contains genetic material in the form of a large circular molecule of DNA, but there is no organised nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cell Commonly multicellular organisms which contain an organised nucleus enclosed by membranes.
Peptidoglycan Sugar polymers crosslinked by short polypeptides, which comprises the cell wall of Prokaryotes (Bacteria)
First to use the word "cell" in 1600s Robert Hooke
Concluded that plant and animal tissue was made up of organised masses of cells (1838) Schleiden and Schwann
Proposed that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells (1858) Virchow
Resolving power of light microscope 0.25 micrometres
Resolving power of transmission Electron Microscopes 0.1-0.2 nanometres
Diameter of most Prokaryotic Cells 1-5 micrometres
Diameter of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells 5-30 micrometres
Reason for the fragile nature of Animal Cells Animal cells have a cell membrane but no cell wall, and are therfore rather fragile.
Created by: cvan100
 

 



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