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Rocks and Minerals
Term | Definition |
---|---|
cleavage | the property of splitting evenly along flat surfaces |
streak | the line of powder obtained by scratching a mineral or rubbing it upon a hard, rough white surface |
luster | the state or quality of shining by reflecting light; glitter, sparkle, sheen, or gloss |
fracture | how a mineral brakes apart when it does not split evenly |
Mohs hardness scale | a ranking of minerals from softest to hardest |
crystal | the repeating pattern of a minerals partials in a solid |
element | a substance composed of a single kind of atom |
hardness | relative ability of a solid to resist scratching |
crystallization | the process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure |
solution | a mixture in which one substance dissolves in another |
vein | a narrow or slab of a mineral that is much different from the surrounding rock |
geode | a rounded, hollow rock that is often lined with mineral crystals |
compound | a substance formed when two or more elements combine and lose their distinct properties |
inorganic | something that doesn't come from a living thing |
florence | how a minerals glows under a ultraviolet (black) light |
texture | the look and feel of the rocks surface |
fine grained | grains that are very tiny |
coarse grained | grains that are large and easy to see |
porphgry | a rock with a large crystals surrounded by small crystals |
intrusive | igneous rock formed when magma hardened beneath earth surface |
extrusive | igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto earths surface |
sedimentary rock | one of the three main rock groups that is formed by a series of processes |
compaction | the process that presses sediment together |
erosion | occurs when running water, wind, or ice loosen and carry away fragments of rock |
cementation | the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue partials together |
deposition | the process by which sediment settles out of wind or water |
clastic rocks | sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together |
chemical rocks | sedimentary rock that forms when minerals dissolve in a solution crystallize |
organic rocks | forms where remains of plants and animals are deposited into thick layers |
compaction | the process in which thick layers of sediment press down on the layers beneath them |
foliated rocks | metamorphic rocks with grains arranged in parallel layers or bands |
nonfoliated rocks | metamorphic rocks with grains arranged randomly |