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Endocrinology I

Pituitary Hormones

QuestionAnswer
Mechanisms that regulate the hypothalamus Upper cortical inputs (CNS), Autonomic nervous system, Environmental cues (light and temperature), and Peripheral endocrine feedback
CRH stands for Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
GHRH stands for Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone
GnRH stands for Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
TRH stands for Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
SS stands for Somatostatin
Name the Anterior Pituitary Hormones FSH, LH, TSH, Prolactin, GH, ACTH
What does FSH do? Estrogen in women and Spermatogenesis in men
What does Luteinizing Hormone do? Regulates ovulation in women and stimulates testosterone in men
What does TSH do? Increases thyroid hormone production
What does Prolactin do? Induces lactation
What does Growth Hormone do? Controls acral growth
What does Adrenocorticotropic hormone do? Stimulates cortisol production
Name the posterior pituitary hormones Vasopressin/ADH and Oxytocin
What does ADH do? Prevents free water loss
What does oxytocin do? Induces labor
When the Pituitary is not making TSH to stimulate the thyroid and thus no T4 is made, this is called... Secondary Hypothyroidism (No TSH)
When the pituitary gland fails to secrete ACTH, the adrenal gland is not stimulated and as a result no cortisol is produced. This is called... Secondary Adrenal Insuficiency (no ACTH)
The absence of FSH/LH causes Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (the problem is with the pituitary and not the gland). Consequently, estrogen and testosterone are low.
No GH causes Growth Hormone Deficiency
No ADH/AVP causes Diabetes Insipidus
Primary Hypothyroidism Thyroid fails to make T4; TSH is high, Free T4 is low. Recommended screening for Primary is to check the TSH
Secondary Hypothyroidism Pituitary gland fails to make TSH; TSH is inappropriately LOW, Free T4 is LOW, other Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies, Cannot follow TSH to adjust thyroid hormone replacement. Do not replace thyroid hormone before replacing cortisol!!!
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism Cold intolerance, fatigue, heavy menstrual bleeding, weight gain, myxedema coma
Diagnosis of Secondary Hypothyroidism Symptoms of hypothyroidism, Low TSH, Low T4, Other symptoms to suggest Pan-hypopituitarism
Adrenal Insufficiency (AI) is ______ deficiency Cortisol
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency is known as Addison's Disease. The adrenal gland does not respond to ACTH and does not make adrenal hormones. ACTH is HIGH
Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency Pituitary does not make ACTH; adrenal is not stimulated to make cortisol (may be a big tumor present)
Tertiary Adrenal Insufficiency Suppression of CRH and ACTH by exogenous cortisol use (like prednisone, Hypothalamus/Pituitary axis is asleep and can take up to 6 months to awaken)
Addison's Disease symptoms Are based on hypocortisolism and hypoaldosteronism. Fatigue, Hypotension, Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia (b/c you don't have aldosterone), Hyperpigmentation (from ACTH), death
Created by: bwyche
 

 



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