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IP Unit 5
Work, Energy, and Simple Machines
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In Science, this is defined as “when a force moves an object a distance.” | Work |
| The ability to do work or cause changes in matter | Energy |
| The SI unit for Work and energy | Joule |
| One of the two main types of energy: energy that is stored; the energy of position or height of an object above the earth's surface. | Potential Energy |
| One of the two main types of energy: the energy of motion | Kinetic Energy |
| When a book is dropped, it has this kind of energy. | Kinetic Energy and mechanical energy |
| A stretched rubber band is an example of this. | Elastic Potential Energy |
| The fuel used by a rocket stores energy as this. (All food and fuels store this energy.) | Chemical Potential Energy |
| An object held up above the surface of the ground has this. | Gravitational Potential Energy |
| The higher an object is above the ground... | The more gravitational potential energy the object has. |
| Once used, these can be easily replaced. | Renewable Resources |
| Water, wind, and sunlight are examples of these. | Renewable Resources |
| Once used, these cannot be easily replaced. Uranium is one example of these. So is coal and oil. | Nonrenewable Resources |
| Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are all this: | Fossil Fuels (Nonrenewable Resources) |
| How are fossil fuels produced? | Fossil Fuels are created from decayed materials by heat and pressure over many millions of years. |
| A new fuel made from renewable organic material from plants or animals | Biomass Fuels |
| Electricity produced by combining Hydrogen and Oxygen gases with water as the only byproduct | Hydrogen Fuel Cells |
| Electricity produced when falling or running water turns a generator. | Hydropower or Hydroelectricity |
| What is a disadvantage of using hydroelectric power? | Hydroelectricity can disturb natural ecosystems, because dams are often built to control it. |
| Thermal energy from the ground (often in the form of magma) harnessed for electricity or heat. | Geothermal |
| Electricity produced when wind turns a propeller which then turns a generator. | Wind power |
| What are the advantages of using wind power? | Wind power is clean, inexpensive and available everywhere. |
| What are the disadvantages of using wind power? | The wind must be blowing. Large wind farms produce noise, and may have ecological effects. |
| Electricity generated by sunlight hitting a photovoltaic cell | Solar power |
| The form of energy caused by motion of mechanical parts (like windmills and buses) | Mechanical Energy |
| The form of energy due to the movement of electrically charged particles | Electrical Energy |
| The form of energy related to the movement of atoms that make up matter (more is produced as the atoms move faster) | Heat or Thermal Energy |
| This form of energy is in the form of electromagnetic radiation (light waves, x-rays, radio waves...) | Radiant Energy |
| The form of energy that comes from the fusion or fission of the center of an atom (nucleus) | Nuclear Energy |
| What is the fuel most often used for nuclear energy? | Uranium |
| The form of energy created by movement of air molecules caused by vibration (loudspeakers produce this) | Sound Energy |
| The form of energy stored in the bonds of molecules in food and fuels (like gasoline) | Chemical Energy |
| The formula for kinetic energy | KE (J) = 1/2 m (kg) x v2 (m2/s2) |
| The formula for gravitational potential energy | GPE (J) = m(kg) x 9.8 m/s2 x h (m) |
| The formula for Work | Work = Force * distance => W (J) = F (N) * d (m) |
| According to the law of conservation of energy, what is true about the total amount of energy in the universe? | The total amount of energy in the universe remains CONSTANT. |
| What does the Law of Conservation of energy state? | Energy may change from one form to another, but the total amount of energy in the Universe never changes. |
| What gas produced by burning fossil fuels is thought to lead to global warming? | Carbon dioxide |
| What is the biggest problem with our continued use of fossil fuels? | Fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource. |
| The form of energy due to the attraction between two objects due to their masses and distance apart. | Gravitational energy |
| The form of energy due to the attraction of objects made of iron, nickel, or cobalt. | Magnetic energy |
| Almost all energy on earth comes from this source. | The Sun |
| Solve the following: Two students rearrange a room by moving a desk 3.0 m across the room. If they exert a horixontal force of 200 N, how much work have they done? | 600 Nm or J |
| Sierra serves a volleyball with a mass of 2 kg. The ball leaves her hand with a speed of 30 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the ball? | 900 J |
| The potential energy of an apple is 6 J. It is sitting on a shelf that is 3 m high. What is the mass of the apple? | .20kg |
| A grooved wheel with a rope, chain, or cable running along the groove. | Pulley |
| An inclined plane with one or two sloping sides. It is used for prying or cutting. | Wedge |
| A bar that is free to pivot or turn around a fixed point. | Lever |
| A shaft or axle attached to the center of a larger wheel, so that the wheel and axle rotate together. | Wheel and Axle |
| A sloping surface, such as a ramp that reduces the amount of force required. It is usually used for lifting up. | Inclined Plane |
| A cylindrical shape with an inclined plane wrapped around it. | Screw |
| Give an example of a compound machine. | Scissors, bicycle, etc. |
| What class of lever is a broom? When you sweep with it the pivot is your shoulder, you push in the middle, and work is done at the end. | Third Class lever |
| What class of lever are scissors? | First Class Lever |
| What class of lever is a wheel barrow? | Second Class Lever |
| What is the mechanical advantage of a machine? | It tells how much a machine multiplies your force. It is the ratio of output force/input force, or input distance/output distance. |
| How do simple machines make work seem easier? | They change the force needed by the person using them, but NOT the work done. |
| A device that does work with only one motion | simple machine |
| A device that is made up of two or more simple machines | compound machine |
Created by:
tbrandt
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