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Lymbic system neuro
WVSOM lymbic system neuro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When you lesion the limbic system do you still have short term memory? | yes |
| What are the structures of the limbic system concerned with? | cognitive and visceral responses to emotion, processes involved with memory |
| What are the structures belonging to the limbic system? | cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, amygdale, hypothalamus, mammillary bodies, anterior and medial thalamic nuclei |
| Where is hippocampus? | temporal lobe deep to parahippocampal gyrus |
| Where is the amygdala? | temporal lobe, deep to the uncus, anterior to hippocampus |
| What is the purpose of Papez circuit? | permits a cognitive and visceral response to emotion, aids in putting info into long term memory |
| State the Papez circuit: | info from neocortex or thalamus>cingulated gyrus>hippocampus and amygdale> project through fornix>mammilary bodies>medial and anterior thalamic nuclei>back to neocortex |
| What is Korsakoff’s syndrome? | brain disorder caused by the lack of thiamine (vitamin B1) in the brain, can be caused by chronic alcoholism because alcohol messes with thiamine |
| What are the 3 layers of the hippocampus? | striatum oriens = proximal axons, striatum pyramidal = somata, striatum radiatum = dendrites |
| How are pyramidal cells in hippocampus arranged and how do they travel? | poly-synaptic loop ; axonal projections from entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus |
| State the hippocampal circuitry: | entorhinal cortex>dentate gyrus>CA3(can go to fornix and to mammillary bodies)>CA1>subiculum>back to entorhinal cortex>associational neocortical areas |
| In what layers of the hippocampus are GABAergic cells found? | in all layers |
| Where the synaptic connections between are pyramidal cells most numerous? | hippocampus |
| What is the function of hippocampus? | necessary for processing and storing explicit memory for long term storage |
| What are the two classifications of memory? | explicit and implicit |
| Does the hippocampus deal with implicit memory? | no |
| What is implicit memory? | motor function, perceptual skills |
| What is explicit memory? | factual knowledge like people places and things |
| What is consolidation? | process done by the hippocampus necessary for converting short term to long term memory |
| Is memory stored in the hippocampus? | no |
| Where is memory stored? | cerebral cortex |
| What is the result of damage to hippocampus or output circuits? | inability to form new longterm explicit memory but short term memory stays intact |
| What happens when you get a hippocampus lesion on both sides? | loose ability to have space memories |
| What happens when you get a hippocampus lesion on one side? | nothing |
| What are space memories and where are space memories stored? | memories of where things are; hippocampus |
| What are the two types of glutamate receptors and where are they found? | AMPA and NMDA receptors; post synaptic membrane of excitatory synapses |
| What opens the AMPA receptors? | glutamate binding |
| What opens NMDA receptors? | glutamate binding but only after signal from AMPA receptors |
| Which is the small depolarization AMPA or NMDA? | AMPA |
| What is the result of adding or removing AMPA receptors? | adding = learning, removing= unlearning |
| When a synapse is made more functional what has it undergone? | LTP longterm potentiation |
| When a synapse is made less functional what has it undergone? | LTD longterm depression |
| How do you enhance synapses? | add AMPA receptors |
| When does LTP occur? | after a burst of high frequency action potentials in the pre-synaptic neuron |
| How do you reduce synapses efficiency? | remove AMPA receptors |
| When does LTD occur? | after low frequency action potentials in pre-synaptic neuron |
| Generation of new dendritic spines is an additional mechanism underlying what? | learning |
| Why do axon spines protrude out and why do they occur? | to increase synaptic efficiency; LTP |
| Where is the Amygdala located? | temporal lobe, deep to the uncus, anterior to hippocampus |
| How is the Amygdala shaped? | like an almond |
| What is the uncus? | a protrusion on the ventral surface of the brain caused by the Amygdala |
| What does the Amygdala consist of? | a collection of neuronal nuclei |
| What is the stria terminalis? | a pathway from the amygdala to the hypothalamus |
| What do the efferents from the amygdala go to? | hypothalamus and cortical areas (particularly cingulated gyrus) |
| What is the link between sensory stimuli and emotion? | Amygdala |
| What mediates inborn and acquired emotional responses such as fear, anxiety, and sexuality? | Amygdala |
| What is the result of stimulating the Amygdala? | anxiety and fear reactions along with physical responses (increase HR, increased respiration, papillary dilation |
| How are autonomic responses mediated? | connectinos of Amygdala with hypothalamus |
| How are conscious feelings mediated? | connections with cingulated gyrus and prefrontal cortex |
| What is the result of bilateral lesions of the Amygdala? | placidity, flat affect; do not respond to threatening situations |
| What is Hyperorality? | examine things with mouth |
| What is Hypermetamorphosis? | compulsion to intensively explore immediate environment |
| What is Kluver-bucy syndrome the result of? | bilateral damage to the Amygdala |
| What are the symptoms of Kluver- Bucy syndrome? | hyperorality, hypermetamorphosis, placidity and fearlessness, hyperphagia, hypersexuality |
| What is hyperphagia? | excessive eating, even when not hungry, may eat inappropriate objects |
Created by:
hagerman
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